All Identified Signals

== Description ==

Description

This is the complete list of all identified signals in our Signal Identification Guide ordered in alphabetical order. There are currently 529 identified signals in our database.

Browse List of Known Signals in Database

== Search Database ==

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Title
Frequency range	—
Location	14.212ATL, GAAdelaide, AustraliaAlabama, USAAllentown / Bethlehem, PennsylvaniaAlta, NorwayAsia, EuropeAtlanta GA, USAAtlanta, Georgia, USAAustraliaAustriaAustria, EuropeBarnwell County, South CarolinaBeaverton, Oregon, United StatesBelarusBelgiumBelgium AntwerpenBerlin, GermanyBermudaBlackville, South CarolinaBosnia and HerzegovinaBrisbane, AustraliaBrisbane, Queensland, AustraliaBrussels, BelgiumBurgas, BulgariaCaliforniaCambridge, United KingdomCanadaCape May, NJCentral Czech RepublicCentral FloridaCentral TexasChesterfield, UKChicago, IL, USAChileChinaChina, WorldwideComstock Park, MICountry: Hungary, State: Csongrád, City: HódmezővásárhelyCroatiaCubaCyprusCzechiaDe Soto, MODenmarkDon't knowEASTERN EUROPE VIA KDSREastern Allentown, PAEastern Europe or RussiaEdmonton, CanadaEssex, UK KiwiSDREstonia, ViljandiEuropeEurope / WorldwideEurope, Japan, AsiaEurope/WorldwideFinlandFinland Hanko-Tammisaari areaFinland, Slovakia, Germany, United StatesFlorida, also heard on New Jersey WEBSDRFranceFrance NormandyFrance, LimogesFrance, United KingdomGenoaGermanyGermany, AachenGlobalGrand RapidsGrand Rapids, MIGreater Austin Area, TXTransmitGreeceGroningen, The NetherlandsGuangzhou, ChinaGulf seaHalifax, Nova ScotiaHalifax, Nova Scotia, CanadaHayward, CAHungaryIndonesia, Malaysia, SingaporeIranIran, DezfulIrelandIsraelIsrael, Belgium, United States, South AfricaItalyItaly, Sicilia, CaltanissettaItaly, VeronellaJN23XD, Toulon, FranceJapanKings Beach, CALansing, MI, U.S.ALewis County, Washington.LocalLondonMadrid, SpainManagua, NicaraguaMassachusettsMedan - IndonesiaMelbourne, AustraliaMichiganMinnesota, USAMontreal, Quebec, CanadaNW FloridaNationwideNetherlandsNetherlands, DrentheNetherlands?New London County, Connecticut, United StatesNew York CityNew York City, USANew ZealandNorth KoreaNorth Potomac, MD, USANortheast AlabamaNorthern Louisiana, USANorwayNotre-Dame-des-Laurentides, Québec City, Québec, Canada (46.918593, -71.358003)Nova ScotiaOhio UsaOregon City, Oregon, USAPalermo, ItalyPhiladelphiaPhiladelphia PA, USAPolandPort-Gentil GabonPortugalPortugal near LisbonPortugal, LisbonRhode IslandRockford, MichiganRomaniaRussiaRussia, ArkhangelskRussia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, WorldwideRussia, VGGRussia, WorldwideRussian FederationRussian Federation, Omsk citySaint PetersburgSalzburgSan Antonio, Texas, United States of AmericaSanta Rosa, CASantiago, ChileScarborough, United KingdomScotlandSeattle WA USASlovakiaSomewhere in my HouseSouth AfricaSouth CarolinaSouth Dakota USASouth ItalySouth KoreaSouth West EnglandSouth of The NetherlandsSoutheast Allentown, PASoutheast AsiaSpainSplit, CroatiaSt Johns, Newfoundland, CanadaSwedenSweden MalmoeSweden, ÖstergötlandSwitzerlandSydney AUTXTransmit, PA, GA, FL, and othersTallinn, EstoniaTampa bay, FLTel AvivThe NetherlandsTilton, NHToronto, CanadaTulsa, OklahomaTurkeyTurkey, Central AnatoliaUKUNKNOWNUSAUSA and ?USA, MAUSA, TexasUdine, ItalyUkraineUnited KingdomUnited Kingdom, EuropeUnited StatesUnited States, AsiaUnited States, South Korea, JamaicaUnknownVernon, British Columbia, CanadaViet NamVirginiaVirginia Beach, VirginiaW2GNNWORLDWIDEWake County, North CarolinaWaldorf, MarylandWebSDR TwenteWestern Montana, USAWorcester area, UKWorldwideYangon(Rangoon) Myanmar(Burma)central louisianaessex, marylanditalysomewhere near Charlotte NCsouthern finlanduTwente WebSDRukunknownwest of NYC, NYworldwide
Mode	????ALLAMAmplitude ModulationAMAmplitude Modulation DOUBLE SIDE BANDAMAmplitude Modulation, CWContinuous WaveAMAmplitude Modulation, DSBDual Side Band ModulationAMAmplitude Modulation, NFMNarrowband Frequency ModulationAMAmplitude Modulation, USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)AMAmplitude Modulation?Any (LSBLower Side Band Modulation in this case)BFMCWContinuous WaveCWContinuous Wave ?Chirp Spread SpectrumDSBDual Side Band ModulationDTMFDVB-S2, RAWDigitalFFSKFast Frequency-Shift KeyingFHSS-TDMFMFrequency ModulationFMFrequency Modulation, AMAmplitude ModulationFMFrequency Modulation, AMAmplitude Modulation, USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) (6.46 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz Bandwidth) and AMSYNCFMFrequency Modulation?FmLSBLower Side Band ModulationLSBLower Side Band Modulation, USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)LSBLower Side Band Modulation, USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables), CWContinuous Wave-U, CWContinuous Wave-LN/ANBFMNFMNarrowband Frequency ModulationNFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation , WFMWideband Frequency ModulationNFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation, CWContinuous WaveNFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation, USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)NfmQMSKRAWRAW I/QRAW, AMAmplitude ModulationRAW, AMAmplitude Modulation, FMFrequency ModulationRawSC-FDMAFrequency Division Multiple AccessSSBSingle-sideband modulationSSBSingle-sideband modulation, FMFrequency ModulationSSBSingle-sideband modulation,FMFrequency Modulation,AMAmplitude ModulationUSBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables), CWContinuous WaveUSBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables), LSBLower Side Band ModulationUSBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables), LSBLower Side Band Modulation, NFMNarrowband Frequency ModulationUSBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables), NFMNarrowband Frequency ModulationUSBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables),AMAmplitude ModulationUSBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables),FMFrequency ModulationUSBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)?UnkUnknownVLFVery Low Frequency (3-30 kHz)VoiceWFMWideband Frequency ModulationWFMWideband Frequency Modulation/USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)Wide-Uallfmfsklsbnfmrawunkunknownusbwaterfall
Modulation	-16-32QAM16-QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation16QAM2FSK?2MFSK4-8PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol)4-GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying64QAM8-PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol)8PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol)8VSB??????A2A (AMAmplitude Modulation)AFSKAudio Frequency-Shift KeyingAMAmplitude ModulationAMAmplitude Modulation OR USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)APSKASKAmplitude-Shift KeyingAnalog OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division MultiplexingBFMBOCBPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol)C4FMContinuous 4-Level Frequency ModulationCDMACode Division Multiple AccessCOFDMCoded Orthogonal Frequency-Division MultiplexingCSSCWContinuous WaveCWContinuous Wave-FSKFrequency-Shift KeyingCWContinuous Wave-LD8PSKDPSKDifferential Phase-Shift KeyingDQPSKDifferential Quadrature Phase-Shift KeyingDSSSFBMCFFSKFast Frequency-Shift KeyingFHSSFMFrequency ModulationFMFrequency Modulation-PFMCWFMNFMOPFSKFrequency-Shift KeyingFSK2FSKFrequency-Shift Keying?Frequency Shift 15 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz approx 1 per secondGFDMGFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift KeyingGMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift KeyingI'm not sureIDKIFKIncremental Frequency KeyingIFK+Offset Incremental Frequency KeyingILFMLSBLower Side Band ModulationMC-CDMACode Division Multiple AccessMFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-KeyingMSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.)N/ANFMNarrowband Frequency ModulationNoiseOFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division MultiplexingOFDMAOOKOn-Off Keying ModulationOQPSKP25PAMPulse Amplitude ModulationPCMPCM? AFSKAudio Frequency-Shift Keying?PFMPMPM/PCMPPMPulse Position ModulationPPMPulse Position Modulation?PSKPhase-Shift KeyingPWMPulse Width ModulationPossibly FSKFrequency-Shift Keying?PulsePulse Code Modulation (Guessed)PulsedPulsed (FMOP)QAMQuadrature Amplitude ModulationQAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation?QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol)QPSK16SDPSKTDMATime Division Multiple AccessTMBOCUFMCUSBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)UknownUnkUnknownUnknown (Digital)Unknown (FSKFrequency-Shift Keying?)VHFVery High Frequency (30-300 MHz)VSBVestigial Sideband ModulationWide Ui dont knowpulserawssbunknownusb
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Color Legend

Inactive (No longer in use)

Active (Currently in active use)

Status Unknown or Intermittent

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Signal type	Description	Frequency	Mode	Modulation	Bandwidth	Location	Sample Audio	Waterfall image
'Ghadir' OTH Radar	'Ghadir', is an Iranian over the horizon radar, part of Iran's Sepehr Phased Radar System.	28 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 29.7 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	Pulse	60 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Iran
'OTH-SW' OTH Radar	OTHOver The Horizon (very long range)-SW is a Chinese over-the-horizon radar. It is known to operate with pulse repetition frequencies of 43 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). and 86 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz)..	6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FMCW	40 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 80 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	China
'Vario' Airplane Data Controller	This transmitter is found within the UHFUltra High Frequency (300-3000 MHz) FMRS bands, most likely used at airshows to give off barometric pressure, height in altitude represented by a voice, including various tones representing how high/how low the model plane is in the air.	462.61 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 462.725 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation		6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
1G Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS)	The first generation of cellular mobile telecommunications, which used analogue NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation voice.	824 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 894 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FMFrequency Modulation, FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
2006 Kia Grand Carnival Keyfob	Original remote of KIA Carnival (2006).	433.92 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	100 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
29B6 'Kontayner' OTH Radar	29B6, nicknamed 'Контейнер' (Kontayner), is a Russian over the horizon radar. It is currently very active in Europe. The radar uses 150 antenna masts with data transmission systems, transmitters and receivers, a power station, and control buildings. It can detect high-altitude and low-altitude aircraft and missiles at very long ranges.	6.1 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 32 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FMOP, Pulsed	3.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 28 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
2G CDMA (IS-95)	CDMACode Division Multiple Access-One also known as IS-95, was the first ever cellular standard technology based off of CDMACode Division Multiple Access. It is now defunct due to GSM and later classes of cellular techs replacing it. It is a predecessor of the 1xRTT (CDMA2000/IS-2000) standard, which is backwards compatible.	815 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,995 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol)	1.228 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
3G WCDMA	WCDMA, known primarily as 3G mobile, is a family of 3G data protocols used to send voice, text and signaling data to smart phones and other wireless devices.	824 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 2,100 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW, AMAmplitude Modulation	QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation, QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol), CDMACode Division Multiple Access	4.2 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz
49MHz RC Car Controller	The sound of an RC controller signal from an old amphibious toy car	49.2 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)
4G LTE Network	Long Term Evolution Network. Also known as 4G LTE Data and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA). Data service for wireless consumer devices.	450 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 3,500 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, PSKPhase-Shift Keying, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation	1.4 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 20 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
5G "New Radio" cellular network - Downlink	5G cellular, also known by 3GPP '5G' NR (new radio), etc. is a newly released cellular standard that allows for backwards compatibility with 4G LTE, and will allow for several gigabits of connection speeds, (up to 10-100Gb) per second. This is the 600 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz downlink band for the new standard.	600 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 50,000 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	UFMC, GFDM, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, FBMC	100 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
77Ya6 'Voronezh' radar	Voronezh (Воронеж) is a Russian radar family capable of aircraft and ballistic missile monitoring.	150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 440 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	FMCW	2 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Russia
802.11n	IEEE 802.11n-2009, commonly shortened to 802.11n, is a wireless-networking standard that uses multiple antennas to increase data rates. The Wi-Fi Alliance has also retroactively labeled the technology for the standard as Wi-Fi 4.	2,412 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 5,865 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol), QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol), 16QAM, 64QAM	20 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 40 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
8PSK	8PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol) is an amateur digital UTF8-text and data mode designed by John Phelps KL4YFD in 2014. It's goal is to provide medium speed data using generic FMFrequency Modulation and SSBSingle-sideband modulation radios.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 3,000 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables),FMFrequency Modulation	8PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol)	125 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 1.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
AC Interference	Unidentified pulsating signal residing on 1915 KHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz as received in Northeast (East Central NY state). Bandwidth is approximately 30KHz wide. Signal levels S5 to S9.	1.915 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation		30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
AFSK Paging Link	A variant of POCSAG/FLEX with audio FSKFrequency-Shift Keying modulation based off of the bell 202 tones. Typically found as uplinks/downlinks to pager network transmitters.	72 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 928 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	AFSKAudio Frequency-Shift Keying	9 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
AIST 2D	Aist 2D is a Russian microsatellite developed and designed by a group of Samara Aerospace University students, postgraduates, and scientists in cooperation with TsSKB-Progress.	435.315 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PM/PCM	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
AKKORD-SS-PD	Akkord-SS-PD (АККОРД-СС-ПД), also known as “Akkord-165” is a Russian datalink used during the invasion of Ukraine. Akkord is a rather old family of datalink protocols, Akkord-165 being the most recent version.	7.051 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.)	1.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
ALE-400	ALEAutomatic Link Establishment-400 is an amateur version of the 2G ALEAutomatic Link Establishment standard. It is adapted to the demands of amateur radio emergency traffic handling.	1.806 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 144.163 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
AMSAT-P3D	AMSAT-P3D (Known as Phase 3D, OSCAR-40, and AO-40) is a amateur radio satellite built by AMSAT. As of 2004, the satellite's systems have failed.	145.805 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 24,048.285 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	1.6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
ARGOS A-DCS	Some polar weather satellites from the METOP and POES series carry ARGOS A-DCS (Advanced Data Collection System), which is a system to collect data from sondes and other remote land or air-based instrumentation.	465.99 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	54 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
ARQ-E(E3)	ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-E, also known as ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-1000 Duplex or ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-1000D, is a synchronous full-duplex ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system. ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-E3 is a variant that uses a different alphabet encoding. Mainly used by French Military Forces. Stations commonly idled for hours on end.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	85 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 850 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
ARQ-M2-242	ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-M2-242 (Also known as TDM 242, TDM-2, 96-TDM, and ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-28) is a two-channel time division multiplexed telex system. This is the CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R) 242 standard version. Used in Aeronautical, Marine, and Point-to-Point services.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	600 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
ARQ-M2-342	ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-M2-342 (Also known as TDM 342, TDM-2, 96-TDM, and ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-28) is a two-channel time division multiplexed telex system. This is the CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R) 342 standard version. Used in Aeronautical, Maritime, and Point-to-Point services.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	600 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
ARQ-M4-242	ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-M4-242 (Also known as TDM 242, TDM-4, 192-TDM, and ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-56) is a four-channel time division multiplexed telex system. This is the CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R) 242 standard version. Used in Aeronautical, Maritime, and Point-to-Point services.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	250 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
ARQ-M4-342	ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-M4-342 (Also known as TDM 342, TDM-4, 192-TDM, and ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-56) is a four-channel time division multiplexed telex system. This is the CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R) 342 standard version. Used in Aeronautical, Maritime, and Point-to-Point services.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	600 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
ARQ-N	ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-N is a synchronous dual channel ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query mode identical to ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-E, with the only difference being that ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-N has no symbol inversions. Formerly used by Italian Diplomatic services.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	85 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 850 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
ARQ6-90	ARQ6-90, also known as ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-6-90 and ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-6/90, is a 6-character block simplex ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system formerly used by French and Italian diplomatic services exchange of teletype-data. It is no longer used or seen today.	10 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 23 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	700 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
ARQ6-98	ARQ6-98, also known as ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-6-98 and ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-6/98, is a 6-character block simplex ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system formerly used by French and Italian diplomatic services for the exchange of teletype-data. It is no longer used or seen today.	10 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 23 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
ASCII	ASCII (also known as ITA5 or IRA) is an amateur radio telegraphy signal using the ITA-5 alphabet.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 450 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation, USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
ATSC 3.0 Broadcast	The Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 standard (marketed as NextGen TV) is a revised set of video broadcasting specifications that outlines improvements to spectrum efficiency.		RAW	OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation	6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	United States, South Korea, Jamaica	—
ATSC Broadcast	Advanced Television Systems Committee Television. 8VSB Modulation	54 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 700 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	8VSB	6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	United States	—
AUTOSPEC	AUTOSPEC is a synchronous FECForward Error Correction teletype system used by British coastal stations to communicate with North Sea oil rigs. Also known as Autospec-bauer, Bauer, and Autospec Mk1. This signal is most likely phased out.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	350 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Accurate positioning by Low Frequencies (ALF)	Accurate positioning by Low Frequencies, a former German DGPS navigation system. No longer in use as of 2013.	123.7 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	2.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Germany
Acer X222W monitor, sleep pulse	Used for some PC monitors to keep the monitor's power on (or sleeping) across the spectra. Monitors may transmit whatever frequency peaks needed to keep it "on" or on sleep mode.	420 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 470 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation, AMAmplitude Modulation	Pulse	300 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Adam H Image Capable Digital Mode (AHICDM)	AHICDM is a simple, slow and reliable modulation protocol that allows binary data in standard ASCII to be sent over audio.		Digital			United Kingdom
Adam H Secure Communication (AHSC)	AHSC uses a randomly generated One-Time-Pad to secure communications between transmitter and receiver. Used for unscheduled transferring of data due to the architecture of the protocol / mode which makes decoding the message impossible if the transmission was not listened to from the beginning.		USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)			United Kingdom
Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS)	ACARS is a digital datalink system for the transmission of short messages between aircraft and ground stations via airband radio or satellite.	129 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 137 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.)	5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Alps Electric Co. TWB1U840 Key Fob	Alps Electric Co. TWB1U840 Key Fob for Nissan Sentra, Nissan Versa, and Nissan Leaf model years 2013-2017+.	314.975 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	WFMWideband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	100 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Amplitude Modulation (AM)	Long range commercial broadcast and international radio. Also used for aviation communications.	153 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 137 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	AMAmplitude Modulation	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Amplitude Modulation Signalling System (AMSS)	Amplitude Modulation Signalling System (AMSS) is a DRM-based radiotext and data technology for AMAmplitude Modulation broadcasting, like RDS that is used for FMFrequency Modulation. It transmits as a subcarrier, phase-modulating the carrier frequency.	100 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	SSBSingle-sideband modulation	AMAmplitude Modulation, PSKPhase-Shift Keying	200 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).
Aprizesat	Data downlink from Aprizesat microsatellites. Aprizesat constellation consists of 12 Active satellites, These provide a worldwide M2M asset tracking service and relay AIS packets.	400.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 400.65 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying	5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Aqua Direct Broadcast (DB)	A direct broadcast sent in the X band by the NASA Aqua satellite for reception by end users.	8,160 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	OQPSK	15 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide	—
Autocab	This is an example of the Autocab Media Data Terminals used by cab companies all over the world.	163.375 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United Kingdom
Automated Train Control System (ATCS)	Automated Train Control System (ATCS), specifically ATCS Spec. 200, is a standardized communication system for railroads designed to ensure safety by monitoring locations of trains and locomotives, providing analysis and reporting, and automation of track warrants and similar orders.	896.888 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 936.988 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B)	ADS-B is used by aircraft as an alternative to secondary radar. It broadcasts GPS position (latitude, longitude), pressure altitude, callsign, as well as track and ground speed.	978 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,090 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	PPMPulse Position Modulation	2 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
Automatic Identification System (AIS)	Automatic Identification System (AIS) is used by ships to broadcast position and vessel information.	161.975 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 162.025 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying	25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Automatic Link Establishment (2G ALE)	Automatic Link Establishment, 2G ALEAutomatic Link Establishment (Official designation MIL-STD-188-141A and/or MIL-STD-188-141B (Appendix A)) is the current standardized method of establishing connections between radio operators. Also known as FED-STD 1045, FED-STD 1049, and STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 5066.	3.068 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 28.313 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Automatic Link Establishment (3G ALE ARCS)	3G ALEAutomatic Link Establishment (ARCSAutomatic Radio Control System) is the next generation of ALEAutomatic Link Establishment (Designated by MIL-STD-188-141B (Appendix C)). Also known as STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 4538, although MIL 188-141 does not provide Fast LSU.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Automatic Link Set-up (ALIS)	Automatic Link Set-up (ALIS) is an automatic link system used by Rohde & Schwarz modems.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	270 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS)	Packet system for real time data communications. Used by hams for location reporting, weather stations etc.	144.39 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 432.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	AFSKAudio Frequency-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Automatic Picture Transmission (APT)	Automatic Picture Transmission (APT), also known as NOAA-GEOSAT, is an analog image transmission mode used by the NOAA weather satellites and some Russian weather satellites to transmit satellite weather photos.	137.1 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 137.913 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz		AMAmplitude Modulation	34 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Automatic Transmitter Identification System (ATIS)	ATIS systems are identification tags used by inland commercial waterway traffic on rivers in Europe. The FSKFrequency-Shift Keying burst is appended at the end of every voice transmission by the vessel operator.	30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	12 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Europe
Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM)	Proprietary FFSKFast Frequency-Shift Keying data network used for public transport telemetry. It is primarily used to track and control vehicles, and facilitates PTTPush To TalkPress to TransmitMinistries of Postal, Telephone, and Telegraph Service (Soviet Agency)-ID for communication with tram drivers.	507.225 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 517.875 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FFSKFast Frequency-Shift Keying	7.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Australia
B-Netz	B-Netz, was an analog, commercial mobile radio telephone network that was operated by the Deutsche Bundespost in Germany (at first only West Germany) from 1972 until 1994. The system was also implemented in neighboring countries Austria, The Netherlands and Luxembourg.	148 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 153 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Europe
BALDR Weather Sensor Telemetry	BalDR weather sensor SCADA telemetry, A signal standard that belongs to the BalDR brand of weather sensors, and might also belong to other brands of weather sensors that use their technologies. Uses a set of randomly-generated delimiters which vary the overall pitch of the signal by slight HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). rates and modulation properties, to send its data and keep the display updated.	434.675 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	FMFrequency Modulation-P	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
BMW Key-Code signal	This coded signal was sent by BMW Car-Key. It is used to open and lock bimmer doors.	433 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	ASKAmplitude-Shift Keying	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
BPC	BPC is the callsign of the Chinese low-frequency time broadcasting station, located near Shangqiu, Henan in China.	68.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	AMAmplitude Modulation	1 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	China
BPM	BPM is a time signal transmitted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, broadcasting from CAS's National Time Service Center in Pucheng County, China.	2.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 15 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	AMAmplitude Modulation	3.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	China
BR-6028	BR-6028 is a VFTVoice Frequency Telegraphy (Voice Frequency Telegraph) frequency and time diversity modem using 7 data channels. It is sometimes also known as BARRIE, USA-7, or 6028.	5.75 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 15.937 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Baofeng GMSK	Proprietary GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying mode used for voice by Fujian Baofeng walkie talkies	400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 480 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Beta	Beta is the designation of a time signal service which is transmitted from multiple Russian VLFVery Low Frequency (3-30 kHz) stations.	20.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 25.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	CWContinuous Wave, OOKOn-Off Keying Modulation	200 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Russia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Worldwide
Binary Interchange of Information and Signaling (BIIS)	BIIS (also known as BIIS 1200) is an ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute. An independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry in Europe, developing global telecommunications standards. protocol for a digital selective calling method with the added benefit of extended capability of transmitting data that exceeds what could be done with old 5-tone analog calling methods like CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R) and ZVEI.	35 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FFSKFast Frequency-Shift Keying	6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Europe
BlueWalker-3 Wideband Telemetry	Wideband telemetry signal from BlueWalker-3 experimental satellite.	2,245 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol)	1 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide	—
Bluetooth	Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices and building personal area networks (PANs). Invented by telecom vendor Ericsson in 1994, it was initially conceived as a wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables. It can connect several devices, overcoming synchronization problems.	2,400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 2,485 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz		GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying, DPSKDifferential Phase-Shift Keying	1 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
Broadband Global Area Network (BGAN)	Proprietary satellite network owned and operated by Inmarsat that provides cellular 3G equivalent data and voice services to subscribers.	1,525 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,559 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	WFMWideband Frequency Modulation	QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol)	200 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
CAS-4A/B Satellite Telemetry	CAS-4A/B Satellite 4.8 kbpsKilobits per second (kbps) GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying Telemetry Downlink.	145.835 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 145.89 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
CBET	CBET "Critical Band Encoded Tones" are tones added into radio broadcast's audio output for identification purposes.	520 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 108 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz		FMFrequency Modulation, AMAmplitude Modulation	2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz
CCIR 493-4 Selcall	CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R) 493-4 Selcall, also known as HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) Selcall, Australian Selcall, and Codan 8580 Selcall, is a Selcall standard developed in Australia for the HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) band. Used by Amateur radio and Codan Modems.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
CCIR Selcall	CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R) selcall consists of CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R)-1, CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R)-2, and PCCIR, which are 5-tone selcall modes for VHFVery High Frequency (30-300 MHz)/UHFUltra High Frequency (300-3000 MHz) radios. CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R)-1 and CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R)-2 only differ in the tone duration, and PCCIR only differs in the group, reset, and repeat tone frequencies.	30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
CCITT	CCITT is a 5-tone selcall system for VHFVery High Frequency (30-300 MHz)/UHFUltra High Frequency (300-3000 MHz) radios.	30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
CDMA2000 (3G physical layer)	CDMACode Division Multiple Access is another standard for Cellular Devices with GSM being the first encrypted standard.	450 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,900 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol)	1.23 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	United States
CDMA420		410 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 425 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol)	2.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Poland
CHIP	CHIP is a spread-spectrum PSKPhase-Shift Keying mode developed by Antonino Porcino IZ8BLY. CHIP-64 runs at 37.5 bpsBits per second (bps), whereas CHIP-128 runs at 21.09 bpsBits per second (bps).	7.09 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 14.11 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	580 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
CHU	CHU is a time signal radio station operated by the Institute for National Measurement Standards of the National Research Council of Canada.	3.33 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 14.67 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, OOKOn-Off Keying Modulation	2.25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Canada
CIS 3x100 VFT	Three CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-14 signals overlaid on top of each other in a 3100 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). VFTVoice Frequency Telegraphy bandwidth, operating at 100 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
CIS 3x144 VFT	Three 144 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. FSKFrequency-Shift Keying signals in a 3100 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). VFTVoice Frequency Telegraphy bandwidth. Reportedly phased out.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
CIS 3xBaudot-50 VFT	Three 50 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. Baudot signals in a 3100 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). VFTVoice Frequency Telegraphy bandwidth.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
CIS FTM-4	CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic FTM-4 is the unofficial designation of a four-tone MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying data mode which is apparently used by Russian military.	4 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 20 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	13 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
CIS MFSK-16 XPA2	Enigma Designation XPA2, also known as MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying-16, CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying-14, and CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying-16, is a 14-tone MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying signal said to have origin from Russian Intelligence and Foreign Ministry stations.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	250 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Russia
CIS MFSK-16 XPB	Enigma designation XPB is a custom 16-tone MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying mode said to have origin from Russian Intelligence and Foreign Ministry stations.	4.4 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 20 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	2.8 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
CIS MFSK-20 XPA	Enigma Designation XPA, also known as MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying-20, CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying-17, and CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying-20, is a 17-tone MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying signal said to have origin from Russian Intelligence and Foreign Ministry stations.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	800 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Russia
CIS MFSK-21-13	An MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying data mode that is believed to originate from Russian sources. Changes between MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying-21, MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying-13 and different speeds.	4.834 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 16.292 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	3.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia, Worldwide
CIS MFSK-68	New Russian MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying Modem that uses 68 MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying (5 tones at a time) as well as a 9000 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. 8-PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol) insert every second which spans 10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz wide. This signal is often found attributed with CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-3000, where CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-3000 acts as the ALEAutomatic Link Establishment for this signal as well as CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-128.	7.659 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 18.28 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying, PSKPhase-Shift Keying	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
CIS OFDM HDR Modem	Russian OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing HDR (High Data Rate) Modem. Has three main modes: CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-45, CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-60, and CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-93, corresponding to the number of OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing tones in the signal.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	2.8 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
CIS-11	CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-11 (Also known as TORG-11) is a radio duplex teleprinter system used by Russian meteorological stations	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	650 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Russia
CIS-112	CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-112 OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing signal. Has a preamble of 7 Tones (not including carrier), then 56 tones before entering into the 112 tone data transmission.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
CIS-12	CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-12 (Also known as MS5, FIRE, AT-3004D, AT-3104D, T-230) is a 12-tone PSKPhase-Shift Keying Russian military multi-channel modem.	300 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
CIS-128	CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-128 is an OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing mode that uses 128 channels, with one “off” channel in the center, so the signal is divided into two 64 channel parts.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation	3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 6.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
CIS-1280	CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-1280 is a OQPSK (Offset Quadrature Phase Shift-Keying) modulation data modem signal. Also known as Soviet Mil(MOD)/FAPSIFederal Agency of Government Communications and Information (Russian Agency)/PTTPush To TalkPress to TransmitMinistries of Postal, Telephone, and Telegraph Service (Soviet Agency) system. These stations are recognizable in that they are all placed on .081 offsets from a kilohertz or half kilohertz point.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 13.369 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	1.28 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
CIS-14	Also known as AMOR and AMOR96. Synchronous FSKFrequency-Shift Keying duplex teleprinter system with ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	650 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Russia
CIS-16	CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-16 is a BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) 16-tone mode, possibly transmitted from a modified AT-3004D or AT-3104 type Russian military transceiver. Also known as CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic 16x75 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. for the 75 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. speed in each of the 16 sub channels.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	2.7 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
CIS-20	Russian AT-3104 Modem signal, 20-tone OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing DQPSKDifferential Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying signal. Has characteristic pilot tone located 3300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). from suppressed carrier. All 20 channels operate at 75 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second..	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	2.75 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
CIS-300	Known as CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-300 Burst, FSKFrequency-Shift Keying mode used with 300 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. rate with a starting and ending tone on the upper part of the signal.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	370 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Russia
CIS-3000	CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-3000 is an 8-PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol) Data Modem protocol. Its source is traced to Russia. 3000 is for its 3000 BaudBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. speed (maximum speed is technically 9000 bpsBits per second (bps)).	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	3.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
CIS-36-50	CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-36-50, also known as BEE-36 and T-600, is an FSKFrequency-Shift Keying modem used by the Russian Navy.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 550 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Russia
CIS-40.5	CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-40.5 (Also known as T-206) is an FSKFrequency-Shift Keying signal used in Russian Military Communications Equipment. Used as a telegraph channel, encrypted.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	600 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Russia
CIS-48	CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-48 is an interesting data mode with a unique format. It uses a 4 DBPSK Preamble with a constant tone and changing OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing modes as it transmits data. Origin is suspected to be in Russia.	5.017 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 17.289 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	2 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Russia
CIS-50-50	CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-50-50 is very similar to CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-36-50. The main difference is in the available baudBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. rates and frequency shifts used.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	150 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 630 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Russia
CIS-8181	CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-8181 is an FSKFrequency-Shift Keying modem used by the Russian navy.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	600 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Russia
CLOUDSAT Downlink	Dump to European ground station from the CLOUDSAT cloud profiling satellite. CLOUDSAT has a CPR (Cloud Profiling Radar) that operates at 94 GHzGigaHertz (GHz) 10^9 Hz to create a vertical sounding (cross-section) of the atmosphere.	2,217.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol)	2 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Europe	—
CLOVER 2000	CLOVER 2000 is an upgrade to CLOVER-II, a digital data protocol developed by Ray Petit and HAL Communications. Sometimes referred to as XCLOVER or 8 Tone CLOVER.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation	2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
CLOVER 2500	CLOVER 2500 is a new upgrade to CLOVER-2000, adding 25% more speed to the CLOVER system.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation	2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
CLOVER-I	CLOVER-I was the first iteration of the Clover series of digital modes. Was never released for commercial use, replaced by CLOVER-II. Also known as Cloverleaf.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation	100 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
CLOVER-II	CLOVER-II is the advancement of CLOVER-I, with 4 tone pulses and a max data rate of 750 bpsBits per second (bps). Also known as Q-CLOVER and QUAD-CLOVER.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation	500 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
CODAR	CODAR (Coastal Ocean Dynamics Applications Radar) is used for near-surface ocean monitoring, such as waves and water current.	4.438 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 42.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	ILFM	50 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
COFDMTV	COFDMTV is an easy-to-use picture transmission mode based on Coded Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (COFDMCoded Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing).		SSBSingle-sideband modulation,FMFrequency Modulation,AMAmplitude Modulation	COFDMCoded Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, 8-PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol), QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol)	1.6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 3.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz
CORIOLIS Tactical Direct Broadcast	Direct Broadcast digital signal from the CORIOLIS satellite, primarily carries data from the WindSat instrument.	2,221.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol)	2 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide	—
CRY2001 Voice Scrambler	CRY2001 is a voice scrambling mode used on Sailor CRY2001 Scramblers. Fisherman often use these modes to communicate with privacy.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 300 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
CV-786	CV-786 is a wideband FSKFrequency-Shift Keying mode built in Rockwell-Collins MDM-2001 modems. Also known as TRC-75, as it was used in TRC-75 transceivers. A military-based Radio TeleTYpe mode.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	900 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
California Smart-Meter	This is a signal from a Californian Electricity 'Smart Meter'. Each house is now fitted with one of these, and they are strong - typically 50 dBThe decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit used to express the ratio of two values of a physical quantity, here the strength of a received signal. above the atmospheric noise level.	902 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 928 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz			15 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States	—
Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar (CMOR)	Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar, or CMOR, is a meteor detection radar located near Tavistock, Ontario.	17.45 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 38.15 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	Pulsed	28 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Canada
Chilean Naval Time Signal	Naval VHFVery High Frequency (30-300 MHz) time signal found in Chilean Coast, in Vina Del Mar	148.125 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FMFrequency Modulation	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Chile
China digital radio (CDR)	Convergent Digital Radio (CDR) or China Digital Radio is an in-band-on-channel (IBOCIn-Band On-Channel (IBOC) is a hybrid method of transmitting digital radio and analog radio broadcast signals simultaneously on the same frequency.) digital radio broadcasting format used in China. It can be found in multiple bandwidth configurations with different modulation formats.	106.1 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	100 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 500 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	China
Chinese 'Foghorn' OTH radar	A Chinese over the horizon radar, known as "foghorn" among amateur radio operators. Not much is known about it.	6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 29 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FMCW	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	China, Worldwide
Chinese 30-tone OFDM modem	A 30-tone OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing data mode, probably used by Chinese military or other agencies.	4.557 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 16.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	LSBLower Side Band Modulation	QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol), BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol), OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	China, Worldwide
Chinese 4+4	Chinese 4+4, also known as 4+4 or PRC 4+4, is a multi-carrier transmission mode. It used by Chinese Diplomatic services with most traffic originating from Beijing, China.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	China
Chinese Firedrake Jammer	Commercial AMAmplitude Modulation Broadcast jamming signal that plays Chinese folk songs to jam specific radio stations in Asia from being received by listeners.	6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 18 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	AMAmplitude Modulation	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	China
Chinese Multitonal Jammer	Chinese radio jamming signals intended to disrupt/censor broadcast communications.	9.045 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PPMPulse Position Modulation	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Cobra Dane	The AN/FPS-108 COBRA DANE is a PESA phased array radar installation operated by Raytheon for the United States Space Force (originally for the United States Air Force) at Eareckson Air Station on the island of Shemya, Aleutian Islands, Alaska.	1,215 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz				United States	—
Codan Data Modem	Codan Data Modulation for Codan Data Modems. Has 3 distinct signals: Data, ALEAutomatic Link Establishment, and SELCAL. This modulation is used in Codan's 9001, 9002, 3012 and 3212 modems.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2.56 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Coherent BPSK	Coherent BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol), also known as C-BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol), was an experimental amateur mode developed by Bill DeCarle VE2IQ.	138 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 18.081 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	200 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Coherent CW	Coherent CWContinuous Wave (also known as CCW) was a strictly timed morse code mode designed by Ray Petit W7GHM (The same inventor of CLOVER). CCW depended on accurate timing from both receiver and transmitter.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	OOKOn-Off Keying Modulation	1 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
CompuLert	Low speed FSKFrequency-Shift Keying telemetry to monitor and control warning sirens that are used to warn the public of threats such as tsunamis, severe weather, chemical spills and civil emergencies.	453.375 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Contestia	Contestia, developed by Nick Fedoseev (UT2UZ) in 2005, is a digital mode derived from Olivia. It aims to deliver a compromise of speed and performance.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	150 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System (CTCSS)	CTCSS, also known as Private Line and Channel Guard, is a low continuous tone transmitted on NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation voice transmissions that is used to squelch and manage transmissions on a given frequency.	30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	CWContinuous Wave	5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Contrôle de vitesse par balises (KVB)	"Speed control by beacons" railway safety system used in France and the Channel Tunnel line in the UK.	4.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz		AMAmplitude Modulation, AMAmplitude Modulation	100 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	France, United Kingdom	—
Coquelet	Coquelet is an MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying system, similar to Piccolo. Also known as COQ-8, COQ-12, and COQUELET 8 V 2. Uses ITA-2 charset. It's two main modes are Coquelet-8 and Coquelet-13. No longer in use.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 500 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Cuban Jammer	Cuban jammers jam the frequencies of Radio Martí, Radio Republica and occasionally WRMI radio.	5.98 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 13.82 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	DSBDual Side Band Modulation		10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Cuba
D-STAR	D-STAR is a digital voice protocol used by ham radio. Is sometimes routed over the internet for international communications.	145.67 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying	6.25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
DB0UPB research beacon	The is a research beacon for training neuronal networks.	3.6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 14.101 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	LSBLower Side Band Modulation, USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying, LSBLower Side Band Modulation, USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	2.7 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Germany
DCF77	DCF77 is a German longwave time signal radio station based at 77.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz. DCF uses an AMAmplitude Modulation modulated carrier and phase modulation sidebands to transmit its time signal.	77.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	AMAmplitude Modulation, PSKPhase-Shift Keying	1.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Germany
DFM-09	GRAW DFM-09 radiosonde measures temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind direction, and wind speed.	400.01 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 405.99 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying		Europe	—
DUP-ARQ	DUP-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, also known as ARTRAC and 125-ARTRAC, is a semi-duplex ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system once used by Thai and Hungarian Diplomatic services.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	325 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
DUP-ARQ-2	DUP-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-2 (also known as ARTRAC II) is a further development of the DUP-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system and the system characteristics are very similar. DUP-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-2 allows transmission of ITA-2 (Baudot) or ITA-5 (ASCII) characters depending on the application.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	1.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
DUP-FEC-2	DUP-FECForward Error Correction-2 is a further development of the DUP-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system and the system characteristics are very similar. Uses FECForward Error Correction instead of ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query and runs at either 125 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. or 250 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second..	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	1.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Datawell Buoy HF Link	Datawell Buoy HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) Links transmitted by Datawell Marine measurement buoys, measuring ocean conditions, temperature, and wave current.	25.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 45 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	200 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Delfi-C3 Telemetry	Delfi-C3 Telemetry was a telemetry signal sent from the Delfi-C3 university-class satellite.	145.87 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	LSBLower Side Band Modulation	BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol)	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
DeltaFix	DeltaFix was a DGPS system that was used to provide precision positioning used in the survey and oceanographic industry.	1.7 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 3.4 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	250 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Denso 4EA Key Fob	Denso Wireless Key Fob 4EA built by Denso Corporation for General Motors auto brands Chevrolet and Buick. Used on Chevrolet Camaro and Malibu from 2016+. Used on Buick Lacrosse 2017+.	433.92 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	AMAmplitude Modulation, ASKAmplitude-Shift Keying	15 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS)	Differential GPS (DGPS), also known as M823 DGPS and SC-104 DGPS, is a supplementary correction signal used by GPS receivers to increase the accuracy of GPS based positioning.	283.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 2.95 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.)	150 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 250 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Digisonde	Digisondes are ionosondes that use pulsed signal that can gather more radar information than a traditional ionosonde sweep.	500 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	Pulsed	30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB)	DAB is an audio broadcasting standard containing a multiplex of digital radio stations in the signal.	174 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 239 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	1.536 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
Digital Audio Broadcasting Plus (DAB+)	DAB+ is a medium of delivering broadcast radio, containing multiple stations in a single multiplex.	174 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 230 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz		OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	1.536 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
Digital Dispatch Systems MDT	Digital Dispatch Systems Mobile Data Terminal is a dispatching system used by taxi and private transportation companies.	152 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 854.788 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	8 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT)	DECT is a ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute. An independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry in Europe, developing global telecommunications standards. standard for short range communications, mainly cordless phones. It uses a 10 channel/24 slots in a TDMATime Division Multiple Access FDD structure. Audio sample is 100 times slower than real for listening purposes.	1,880 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,900 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying	1.6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
Digital Mobile Radio (DMR)	Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) is an open digital mobile radio standard defined by ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute. An independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry in Europe, developing global telecommunications standards. and used in commercial products around the world. Mostly used by private network and local police, can be encrypted. Used in MOTOTRBO products.	66 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 860 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB)	Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB) is a digital radio transmission technology developed in South Korea as part of the national IT project for sending multimedia such as TV, radio and datacasting to mobile devices such as mobile phones, laptops and GPS navigation systems.	174 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 216 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz		DQPSKDifferential Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	1.536 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	South Korea	—
Digital NBTV	Method for transmitting digital images via radio, similar to WinDRM or KG-STV	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 470 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	SSBSingle-sideband modulation, FMFrequency Modulation	BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol)	2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Digital Private Mobile Radio (dPMR)	dPMR is an open, non-proprietary trunked radio standard developed by ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute. An independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry in Europe, developing global telecommunications standards., published under ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute. An independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry in Europe, developing global telecommunications standards. TS 102 658. Supports both data and digital voice transmission.	149.019 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 446.2 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying	6.25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM)	Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) is a digital commercial broadcasting mode used to deliver FMFrequency Modulation-comparable sound quality to shortwave radio.	531 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 26.06 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	4.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 20 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Digital Radio Mondiale Plus (DRM+)	DRM+ is a VHFVery High Frequency (30-300 MHz) implementation of DRM primarily for the FMFrequency Modulation broadcast band.	47 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 230 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz		OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	100 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide	—
Digital Video Broadcasting — Terrestrial (DVB-T)	Digital Video Broadcasting — Terrestrial (DVB-T) is a digital broadcast television format used in Europe and in many other countries in the world.	174 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 786 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol)	6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 8 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
Digital-Coded Squelch (DCS)	Digital in-band signalling used to squelch and manage transmissions on a given frequency.	433 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 446 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying		Worldwide
DisplayPort Interference	DisplayPort is a digital standard used to carry video and audio data to computer monitors. It emits RFRadio Frequency interference in the 300-400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz range when in use.	159.558 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 381.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW		250 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Distress Radiobeacon (Analog)	Analog Distress Radiobeacons are simple siren-based transmitters that were installed in older EPIRB's, PLB's and ELT's. Currently used as a supplementary homing signal in modern digital radiobeacons.	121.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 243 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	AMAmplitude Modulation	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Distress Radiobeacon (Digital)	Digital Distress Radiobeacons (EPIRB's, PLB's and ELT's) are emergency radio beacons used for search and rescue operations to locate a vessel, plane, or person in distress.	406 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	1.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Distributed Power Unit (DPU)	Distributed power refers to the placing of an extra locomotive at an intermediate point in the middle section of a train. This locomotive unit is remotely controlled from the lead locomotive, and greatly increases both the pulling and stopping power of longer trains.	457.925 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation		6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
DoD Fire Alarm Control Panel	Fire alarm control panel built for the United States of America's Department of Defense.	138.95 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 139.675 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation		15 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
DominoEX	DominoEX, also known as just Domino, is an IFKIncremental Frequency Keying (Incremental Frequency Keying) mode developed by Murray Greenman ZL1BPU and Con Wassilieff ZL2AFP in 2004 that was the first fully developed iteration of the Domino IFKIncremental Frequency Keying family modes. Used to send text over RFRadio Frequency.	5.332 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 28.117 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	IFKIncremental Frequency Keying	173 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 524 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
DominoF	DominoF was the first experimental implementation of the Domino family of IFKIncremental Frequency Keying modes, developed by Con ZL2AFP. DominoF used dual interleaved tone sets. Superseded by DominoEX.	1.838 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 28.08 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	IFKIncremental Frequency Keying	220 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Driftnet Buoy Radio Beacon	Driftnet Radio Buoys are extensively used by fishing boats operating in open seas and oceans for collecting long fishing lines or fishing nets, with the assistance of a radio direction finder	1.6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 28 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	OOKOn-Off Keying Modulation	1 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF)	DTMF is a signaling mode used for a variety of purposes. It's most known for telephony dialing, but is in use for many different applications such as DTMF paging for DTMF-enabled VHFVery High Frequency (30-300 MHz)/UHFUltra High Frequency (300-3000 MHz) radios.	30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	3.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Duga 3	Duga (Russian: Дуга́) was a Soviet over-the-horizon radar system used as part of the Soviet missile defense early-warning radar network. The system operated from July 1976 to December 1989. Two operational Duga radars were deployed, one near Chernobyl and Chernihiv in the Ukrainian SSR (present-day Ukraine), the other in eastern Siberia. The Duga systems were extremely powerful, over 10 MW in some cases, and broadcast in the shortwave radio bands. They appeared without warning, sounding like a sharp, repetitive tapping noise at 10 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz)., which led to it being nicknamed by shortwave listeners the Russian Woodpecker.	7 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 19 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz			20 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 800 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Ukraine
ECG Telemetry	ECG Telemetry from a pacemaker.	403.959 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Australia
EEA	EEA is a 5-tone selcall mode defined by the Electronic Engineering Association in the United Kingdom.	30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
EFR Teleswitch	Europäische Funk-Rundsteuerung (EFR) Teleswitch (European Radio Ripple Control GmbH (ERA) Teleswitch) is an energy management system operated via long-wave radio. Uses two transmitters in Germany and one in Hungary. Also known by DCF39, DCF49 and HGA22.	129.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 139.9 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Europe
EIA	EIA is a 5/6-tone selcall mode defined by the Electronics Industries Association in the United States. Also known as Motorola MetroPage.	30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
ELEKTRO-L GGAK-E Direct Broadcast	Broadcasts the data from the GGAK-E cosmic ray detector onboard ELEKTRO-L geostationary weather satellites	1,693 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	DSBDual Side Band Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	15 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Asia, Europe
EURO	EURO is a 6/7-tone selcall mode used in VHFVery High Frequency (30-300 MHz)/UHFUltra High Frequency (300-3000 MHz) radios. Also known as EuroSignal.	30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Electric Fence Remote Control	This signal comes from an RFRadio Frequency remote control device that transmits in UHFUltra High Frequency (300-3000 MHz) over 433.92MHz and controls the arming and disarming system of an electric fence.	433.92 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	AMAmplitude Modulation	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Emergency Alert System (EAS)	The Emergency Alert System (EAS) is a national warning system in the United States, implemented since 1997, superceding the Emergency Broadcast System (EBS).	162.4 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 162.55 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
Emergency Managers Weather Information Network (EMWIN) - Repeater	The Emergency Managers Weather Information Network (EMWIN) is a system for distributing a live stream of weather information in the United States. This is the VHFVery High Frequency (30-300 MHz) Repeater of the network.	163.3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 168.813 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	AFSKAudio Frequency-Shift Keying	20 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
End of Train Device (EOTD)	Transmits train telemetry such as brake status and accidental seperation information to the head locomotive.	452 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 457.938 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	8 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Enhanced Digital Access Communications System (EDACS)	EDACS is a trunked radio system developed by General Electric and Ericsson. EDACS was invented by General Electric in the mid-80s and is currently owned by Harris Corporation. Harris has announced that EDACS systems will no longer be supported by 2017.	160 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 941 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying	6.25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Eurobalise downlink	Downlink from train to balise. A Eurobalise is a specific variant of a balise, a transponder placed between the rails of a railway.	27.095 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation			Europe
European Radio Message System (ERMES)	European Radio Message System (ERMES) is a European common standard for paging developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ESTI)	169.413 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 169.833 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying	25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Europe
FEC-A	FECForward Error Correction-A, also known as FECForward Error Correction-100 or FECForward Error Correction-100A, is a synchronous simplex ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system that uses the ITA 2 alphabet. This mode was once used by many embassies, diplomatic services, and news agencies worldwide. This mode was developed by Siemens.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	100 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 1.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
FLASH-OFDM	Fast Low-latency Access with Seamless Handoff Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (FLASH-OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) is a mobile data access technology developed by Flarion.	450 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	WFMWideband Frequency Modulation	MC-CDMACode Division Multiple Access	2 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Finland, Slovakia, Germany, United States
FLEX	FLEX (Flexible Wide Area Paging Protocol) is Motorola's high speed one-way paging protocol that supports 1600, 3200, and 6400 bpsBits per second (bps). FLEX can transmit tone, numeric, alphanumeric, and binary data.	152.6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 931.938 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, 4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying	5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
FM Broadcast Radio	Commercial Broadcast FMFrequency Modulation radio stations. Used for the broadcast of many different radio programs, including music, news, sports, weather, and talk shows.	65 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 108 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	WFMWideband Frequency Modulation	FMFrequency Modulation	38 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 200 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
FM NBTV	FMFrequency Modulation NBTV is a method to send moving images in a very narrow bandwidth (maximum 3 KHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz)	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 470 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	SSBSingle-sideband modulation, FMFrequency Modulation	FMFrequency Modulation, BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol)	2.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
FSK441	FSK441 is a high speed meteor scatter communication mode. FSK441 uses a baudBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. rate of 441 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second..	144 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 444 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	1.75 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
FSQ	Fast Simple QSO (FSQ) is an amateur radio digital modulation mode developed by Con Wassilieff ZL2AFP with Murray Greenman ZL1BPU in 2015.	3.58 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 10.149 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	IFK+Offset Incremental Frequency Keying	300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
FST4W	FST4W is an amateur radio digital protocol designed particularly for the LFLow Frequency (30-300 kHz) and MFMedium Frequency (300-3000 kHz) bands, for quasi-beacon transmissions of WSPR-style messages. FST4W uses 4-GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying modulation and offers T/R sequence lengths of 120, 300, 900, and 1800 seconds.	136 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1.839 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	4-GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying		Worldwide	—
FT4	FT4 is an amateur radio contesting communication protocol developed by Joe Taylor (K1JT) and Steve Franke (K9AN) descended from FT8.	10.14 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 144.17 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying	83 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
FT8	FT8 is an extremely-weak-signal amateur radio mode that transmits very limited communications. JS8, a variant of FT8, can send full conversations and relay messages	1.84 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 144.174 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying	50 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
FUNcube-1 Telemetry	FUNcube-1 Telemetry is a telemetry signal sent from the Funcube-1 Cubesat amateur radio satellite.	145.935 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Factory installed alarm system Land Rover Discovery 4	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying 2 transmission mode, frequency range 40246 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz)., manipulation speed 15571.26 baudBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., Information is transmitted by the code "Manchester", respectively, the data transfer rate is twice lower (7785.63 baudBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second.).	433.93 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSK2	950 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Federal Signal Modem-MSK	Signalling protocol developed for Federal Signal's various warning and mass notification appliances. This signal is used for activation and telemetry of all units in a network.	150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 160 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.)	6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
FreeDV COHPSK	FreeDV Coherent PSKPhase-Shift Keying (Also known as FreeDV 700) is a robust Digital Voice mode developed by David Rowe for his FreeDV Digital Voice Software.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol), DQPSKDifferential Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	1.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
FreeDV plus Video	FreeDV plus Video (also known as FreeDV+) combines analog FMFrequency Modulation multicarrier Narrow Band TV (NBTV) by Con Wassilieff, ZL2AFP, and FreeDV digital voice by David Rowe, VK5DGR.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, FMFrequency Modulation	3.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Frequency Division Multiplex Digital Voice (FDMDV)	Frequency Division Multiplex Digital Voice (FDMDV), also known as FDMDV 14+1-tone, is a digital voice mode originally developed by Peter Martinez G3PLX and Francesca Lanza HB9TLK. It has since been improved upon by David Rowe.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	1.125 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Friedland Libra+ 48249SL wireless doorbell		868 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz		FSKFrequency-Shift Keying		Finland	—
Futuba RC Controller	72-75 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz transmitters are used to control various types of RC models. RC Controllers that use 72-75 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz don't seem to be used as often as they used to.	72 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 75 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation		12 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz
G-TOR	Golay-Teleprinting Over Radio (G-TOR) is an FSKFrequency-Shift Keying proprietary standard developed by Kantronics Inc. and is used by radio amateurs, military (Irish Air Corps/Navy, Mexican army) and governmental agencies (ICRC).	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	350 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
GM2100 (R&S)	This is the proprietary HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) Data Signal Protocol for the Rohde & Schwarz HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) Modem GM2100.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Europe
GMDSS Digital Selective Calling	Global Maritime Distress and Safety System's Digital Selective Calling (GMDSS-DSC) is a maritime communication protocol intended to initiate ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore and shore-to-ship radiotelephone and MFMedium Frequency (300-3000 kHz)/HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) radiotelex calls.	2.177 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 156.525 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	350 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
GOES CDA Telemetry	Telemetry signal sent from GOES 16, 17 and 18. GOES is a family of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite operated by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).	1,693 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol)	80 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States, Asia	—
GOES Data Collection System (DCS)	Comes from the geostationary satellites GOES 16 and GOES 17. Relays information about water levels, lightning strikes, and other information.	1,679.9 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,680.2 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	8PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol)	300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 1.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
GOES High Rate Information Transmission (HRIT)	GOES HRIT is a retransmission of satellite imagery and other information from the GOES-R series of satellites.	1,694.1 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol)	1.205 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide	—
GOES Rebroadcast (GRB)	GOES Rebroadcast (GRB) is a form of data sent from the GOES-R series of satellites that contain information from all of the instruments on board the GOES satellites	1,681.6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,686.6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	DVB-S2, RAW	QPSK16, 8PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol)	10 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
GRAVES	The Grand Réseau Adapté à la Veille Spatiale (GRAVES) system is a French space-surveillance system for low-orbit (up to 1000km) satellites. Emitter is based near Dijon, France.	143.05 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW I/Q		1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	France
GRAW DFM-09 Weather Balloon (Radiosonde)	GRAW DFM-09 performs measurement of temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind direction and wind speed.	400.01 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 405.99 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	20 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
GSM TCH traffic channels non frequency hopping		850 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,900 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying	200 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
GYN2 GBR	Transmitting site owned by the Ministry of Defense. Originally constructed in 1946 and was originally used as a shortwave radio station. In present time, the transmitting site is used by the British Navy in order to transmit encrypted messages to submarines at sea. The site is also capable of DRM and is beamed at 121°, towards Germany and Central Europe	81 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz				United Kingdom
Gandalf MDT	Gandalf MDTMobile Data Terminal, A mobile data terminal (MDT) is a computerized device used in public transit vehicles, taxicabs, commercial trucking fleets, military logistics, and emergency vehicles, such as police cars, to communicate with a central dispatch office. was developed by Gandalf Mobile Systems, a subsidiary of Canadian company Gandalf Technologies. Used primarily by taxi and courier services in Canada and the United States. This protocol was used in Gandalf's Cabmate systems.	150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 450 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Glenayre Paging Link	Glenayre's Paging Link. With QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation being used, It is a way to upkeep a linked paging transmitter when no data is broadcast. Glenayre C2100/C2000 model control systems were likely to use this.	152 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 512 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation		United States
Global Positioning System (GPS)	GPS is the USA's global navigation satellite system which provides precision position, navigation, and timing services to devices around the globe.	1,176.45 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,575.42 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol), QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation, DSSS, BOC, TMBOC	22 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 25 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)	GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is a standard developed by ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute. An independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry in Europe, developing global telecommunications standards. to describe the protocols for second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile phones. As of 2014, it has become the default global standard for mobile communications.	450 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,900 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW, AMAmplitude Modulation, FMFrequency Modulation	GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying	200 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Globe Wireless HF Network	Globe Wireless' Maritime Digital Radio was a system of 24 stations around the globe offering data services to large cargo vessels. Since 2014, GW has discontinued their HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) network.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Golay Paging (GSC)	Golay Paging (or Golay Sequential Code, GSC) is a one-way 2-FSKFrequency-Shift Keying paging format developed by Motorola. It is capable of transmitting tone, numeric, alphanumeric, and voice pages.	33 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 932 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	2.6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Gonets	Gonets (Russian Гонец, for Messenger) is a Russian civilian low Earth orbit communications satellite system.	265 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 388 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying	20 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Graw DFM-06 Weather Balloon (Radiosonde)	The DFM-06 is a standard radiosonde for most applications. It is perfectly suited for synoptic observations or military applications.	400.01 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 405.99 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	20 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Europe
Graw DFM-17 (Radiosonde)	Radiosonde developed by Graw/Noris Group GmbH for upper air weather observation	400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 405.99 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Grimeton Radio (SAQ)	SAQ stands as the sole transmitter reliant on an alternating current generator. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site, it employs the last operational Alexanderson alternator for RFRadio Frequency production.	17.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	CWContinuous Wave			Sweden
Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS)	GBAS is an advanced aircraft navigation system that provides GPS corrections to aircraft on approach.	108 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 117.975 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	D8PSK	15 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
HC-265 Voice Scrambler	HC-265 is a Voice Scrambling mode developed by Hagelin Crypto for their HC-265 CRYPTOCOM secure voice unit.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	2.25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
HC-ARQ	Haegelin Crypto ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query (HC-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query) was an FSKFrequency-Shift Keying synchronous simplex ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system used by the UN and International Rescue Committee. This mode has been phased out and is no longer in use.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
HD Radio (AM)	HD Radio is a proprietary digital broadcast radio format transmitted in North America, usually as sidebands on analog carriers. This is the AMAmplitude Modulation band implementation of HD Radio.	535 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1.7 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
HD Radio (FM)	HD Radio is a proprietary digital broadcast radio format transmitted in North America, usually as sidebands on analog carriers. This is the FMFrequency Modulation band implementation of HD Radio.	87.7 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 107.9 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	400 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
HDMI RFI Clock	HDMI is a popular media source for delivering video, audio, all in the same stream. Unfortunately, there is massive interference from it when a neighboring SDR is near it. It can disrupt receiving to a great degree.	742 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 445.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz				Worldwide	—
HFGCS (High Frequency Global Communications System)	HFGCS is a series of networks deployed by the United States Air Force to send encoded messages to deployed aircraft. This network is well known for it's coded EAM's (Emergency Action Messages) used for coordinating United States Strategic Nuclear Forces.	4.724 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 15.016 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	2.95 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
HNG-FEC	HNG-FECForward Error Correction was a full duplex system developed and used solely by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Hungary. Used 100.05 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. with 500 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). shift FSKFrequency-Shift Keying. This mode is no longer used today.	2.4 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 24 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	600 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Hungary
HORYU-4 Telemetry	Telemetry signal sent from the HORYU-4 university-class satellite Launched by Kyushu Institute of Technology in Japan	437.375 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol)		Worldwide
HP Laptop	RFRadio Frequency Interference Signals From HP Laptop	50.9 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	CWContinuous Wave	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables), LSBLower Side Band Modulation	1.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Hellschreiber	Hellschreiber (Also known as Feld Hell or just Hell) is a teleprinter system developed in the late 1920's by Rudolf Hell, a German inventor.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	OOKOn-Off Keying Modulation, FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.)	350 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 800 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP)	HAARP is a ionospheric research program conducted in Gakona, Alaska.	2.7 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 10 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation, CWContinuous Wave	CWContinuous Wave, FMCW	100 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
High Frequency Data Link (HFDL)	HFDL, also known as HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz)-ACARS, ARINC 753, ARINC 635, and HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) DATALINK,is a data link that aircraft use to communicate short messages over long distances using HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) signals.	2.9 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 22 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	2.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
High Frequency Data and Voice Link (HFDVL)	HFDVL (or HFD+VL) is an experimental mode developed by research groups from The University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and The Polytechnic University of Madrid. This mode is intended for military use in accordance with STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 5066 parameters.	14.35 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 14.829 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation	3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Spain
High Power Auroral Stimulation (HIPAS)	The HIPAS (HIgh Power Auroral Stimulation) Observatory was a research facility, built to study the ionosphere and its influence on radio communications. It was located 25 miles east of Fairbanks, Alaska in the Fairbanks North Star Borough area.	2.85 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 4.53 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz				United States	—
High Resolution Data (HRD)	The HRD direct broadcast is an X-band continuous downlink from NOAA JPSS satellites of mission environmental data to users on the ground that are equipped with a suitable receiver.	7,812 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	OQPSK, QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol)	25 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 35 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide	—
High Speed USB Noise	High Speed USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) 2.0 clock noise. Shows up at multiples of 480 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz.	480 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 960 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW		200 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Horus Binary 4FSK - v2	An efficient RTTYRadio TeleTYpe-like 4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying mode that transmits binary data, used for amateur high altitude balloon telemetry. Developed by the Project Horus group.	431 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 434 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying	1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
HyperFix	HyperFix was a radio-navigation system developed by Racal. Was used by vessels and ships. Has largely been phased out in favor of Differential GPS.	1.6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 3.4 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)		250 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Hyundai Mobis RKE-4F16 Key Fob	Hyundai Mobis RKE-4F16 Wireless Key Fob for Hyundai Sonata models 2014-Present.	433.92 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	WFMWideband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	110 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
ICAO Selcal	ICAO Selcal (also known as AVCALL, ANNEX 10, or just SELCAL) is a HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz)/VHFVery High Frequency (30-300 MHz) aviation selective calling system used by ground stations to initiate radio communications with aircraft.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 300 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	1.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
ICARUS (International Cooperation for Animal Research Using Space)	ICARUS aims its services primarily at scientific groups that perform basic and application-oriented research with migrating animals.	468.1 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	32 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
ICV	ICV is a NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization-operated VLFVery Low Frequency (3-30 kHz) transmitted located in the island of Tavolara, Sardinia, Italy.	20.27 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 20.76 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	CWContinuous Wave	MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.)		Italy
ILS Marker Beacon	ILS Marker Beacons are used by aircraft for Instrument Landing Systems, transmitted by an upward-facing directive antenna at known distances along the approach path.	75 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	OOKOn-Off Keying Modulation	3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
IMet-1 RS Radiosonde	Radiosonde launched on a weather balloon.	402 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 406 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	AFSKAudio Frequency-Shift Keying	0 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 10 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Israel, Belgium, United States, South Africa
IRA-ARQ	IRA-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, also known as BULG-ASCII and ASCII-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, is a high data rate ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query FSKFrequency-Shift Keying system used by Bulgarian, Slovakian, and Czech diplomatic stations. The maximum speed of this mode has been seen to reach 1200 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second.. Not seen much much nowadays	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	650 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 1.35 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
IS-54 D-AMPS	D-AMPS, also known as IS-54 and IS-136, is a second generation (2G) mobile phone system standard which develops on analog AMPS, a 1G standard. This system is also colloquially known as TDMATime Division Multiple Access.	824 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 894 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz		PSKPhase-Shift Keying	30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz		—
ISCAT	Ionospheric Scattering (ISCAT) mode used for weak signal long distance radio contact by meteor and Ionosphere scattering.	50 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 148 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	904 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 1.809 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
ISM Band Weather sensor	Data returned from a consumer weather sensor using the AlectoV1 protocol.	433 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation		4.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
ISM Band device	An ISM band device such as a power meter or a wireless doorbell.	315 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 920 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation, NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	ASKAmplitude-Shift Keying, OOKOn-Off Keying Modulation, FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	20 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Improved Automatic Link Set-up (ALIS-2)	ALIS-2, also known as RS-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, RS ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query 240, and MERLIN, is an improvement of the original ALIS system. ALIS-2 is used in the Rohde & Schwarz MERLIN modem.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Induction cooker interference	RFRadio Frequency interference from nearby induction cooker can sometimes be mistaken for a real LFLow Frequency (30-300 kHz) or VLFVery Low Frequency (3-30 kHz) transmission.		USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	OOKOn-Off Keying Modulation		Worldwide
Inmarsat Aero	Inmarsat Aero is the protocol that's used to link ground stations with aircraft via Inmarsat's satellite link. This protocol carries digital voice, fax and low speed data such as ACARS and ADS-C.	1,545 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 3,687 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	800 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 10.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
Inmarsat IsatM2M	IsatM2M Service operated by Inmarsat on existing Inmarsat-D/D+ infrastructure.	1,525 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,559 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	1.024 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Inmarsat-C TDM	Inmarsat C provides two-way data and messaging communication services to and from virtually anywhere in the world. The low-cost terminals and antennas are small enough to be fitted to any size of ship.	1,537.7 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,539.685 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Inmarsat-D(D+) Downlink	Inmarsat D+ (and it's predecessor, Inmarsat D) was Inmarsat's satellite paging system. The main use of the technology was in tracking trucks and buoys and SCADA applications.	1,525 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,559 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	640 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Instrument Landing System	Radio navigation system that allows aircraft to perform precision approaches in low visibility conditions.	108 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 335 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation		15 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN)	iDEN is a TDMATime Division Multiple Access-based digital wireless standard developed by Motorola. It is a type of trunked radio with cellular phone benefits.	806 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 869 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation, TDMATime Division Multiple Access	18.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting—Terrestrial (ISDB-T)	ISDB-T (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting – Terrestrial) is a new type of digital broadcasting system for providing audio, video and multimedia services. ISDB-T system was standardized at the Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) in Japan. ISDB-T uses a modulation method referred to as Band Segmented Transmission (BST) OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing.	470 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 770 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol), 64QAM	6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide	—
Interferance signal from old computer screen	A very crunchy signal coming from my Old hyundai computer screen, the sound changes depending on what is shown on the screen	639.006 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation, DSBDual Side Band Modulation		23 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	WORLDWIDE
Ionized Meteor Trails	Meteors traversing the E region of the atmosphere approximately 60 - 90 miles up create ionizing trails which can reflect and refract radio waves from commercial FMFrequency Modulation radio stations that are hundreds and sometimes thousands of miles away from the receiver.	88.3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation			Worldwide
Ionosonde	An Ionosonde (Also known as a chirpsounder or ionospheric sounder) is a radar that examines the Ionosphere and monitors HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) propagation conditions by sweeping the HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) band and receiving the echoes.	1 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 40 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FMCW	1 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Iranian Navy QPSK Modem	Iranian Navy QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) Modem is a QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) mode used by the Iranian Navy. It has gone through several versions. The current version (2015) is V2 and supports speeds of 468 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., 936 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., and 1872 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second..	8.046 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 17.382 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2.85 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Iran
Iridium	This is the L-band uplink/downlink for the Low Earth Orbit Iridium Satellite Constellation. This system is used for satellite based phone calls.	1,616 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,626.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	31.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
IsatData Pro	Inmarsat's M2M data service for SCADA asset tracking and reporting.	1,525 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,559 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz				Worldwide	—
Israeli Intelligence VFT	Israeli Intelligence based FSKFrequency-Shift Keying VFTVoice Frequency Telegraphy.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Israel
Israeli Navy Hybrid Modem (188-110 MOD)	The Israeli Naval Hybrid Modem is based on the MIL-STD-188-110 Serial Standard. Has characteristic preamble with 4/6 Tone and 18 QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) parallel mode before 110 Serial transmission. Possible use as a broadcast transmitter for ships. Used by the Israeli Navy 4XZ station from Haifa.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	2.75 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Israel
Israeli VFT	Israeli based VFTVoice Frequency Telegraphy transmission, most likely used by Israeli government or military.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, PSKPhase-Shift Keying	3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Israel
JJY	JJY, also known as JJY-40 and JJY-60, is the call sign for a pair of longwave Time Signal stations in Japan.	40 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 60 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	AMAmplitude Modulation	1 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Japan
JS8	JS8Call is an extremely-weak-signal amateur radio communication mode based on FT8. It allows FT8 to be used for conversations and message relaying.	1.842 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 50.318 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying	50 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
JT4	JT4 is an extreme weak signal mode which is designed especially for Earth-Moon-Earth communications. It is part of the WSJT-X software.		USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	17 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 1.26 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
JT65	JT65 is an amateur radio QSO communication protocol developed by Joe Taylor, K1JT. JT65 has 3 submodes: JT65A, JT65B, and JT65C. The most popular submode of JT65 is JT65A. JT65 gets '65' from the 65 tones it uses.	1.838 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 50.276 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	180 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 710 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
JT6M	JT6M is part of the WSJT suite of digital weak signal software applications developed by Joe Taylor, K1JT	50.215 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 50.25 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
JT9	JT9 is a very narrow 9-FSKFrequency-Shift Keying mode for making contact (QSO's) under extreme weak-signal conditions.	3.578 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 28.079 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	20 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
JTMS	JTMS is a meteor scatter mode that uses MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.). JTMS behaves similarily to FSK441.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.)	1.7 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Japan Military 8-Channel FSK	Data signal thought to originate from Japanese Military/Navy	4.295 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 16.554 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	2.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Japan
Japanese Slot Machine (XSL)	The Japanese Slot Machine (Enigma Designation XSL) is a simplex system used by the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force in Ichihara, Japan.	4.153 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 8.703 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Japan
Jim Creek (NLK)	Jim Creek Naval Radio Station is used by the US Navy to transmit commands to distant submarines.	24.8 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	CWContinuous Wave	MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.)	300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	United States
Jindalee Operational Radar Network (JORN)	JORN is an Australian OTHR system that operates uniquely in that it's radar bursts include an intro tone before the burst.	5.7 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 33 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FMCW	3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 60 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Australia
John Deere RTK Radio 450	Real-time Kinematic GPS is a satellite navigation technique used to enhance the precision of position data derived from satellite-based positioning systems (global navigation satellite systems, GNSS) such as GPS, BeiDou, GLONASS, Galileo and NavIC.	435 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 470 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	7.49 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
KG-STV	KG-STV is an image transmission mode developed by JJ0OBZ in Japan.	3.733 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 10,489.625 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying, MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.)	500 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Kia SVI-JFRGE04 Key Fob	Kia SVI-JFRGE04 Keyless entry transponder used for multiple Kia models, for model years 2014-2020		NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	55 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Kiwi	Kiwi is a telemetry mode developed by CNES used on amateur rockets and radio balloons in France.	137.95 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 138.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	France
LEOSAR Downlink	Cospas-Sarsat downlink from polar-orbiting weather satellites. The International Cospas-Sarsat Programme is a satellite-aided search and rescue initiative.	1,544.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	350 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
LORAN	LORAN (short for LOng RAnge Navigation) is a hyperbolic radio navigation system.	100 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PPMPulse Position Modulation	20 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
LTE Uplink	Acquired via telecommunications carrier hardware during interference investigation of an Australian cellular network.	700 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 2,600 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	SC-FDMAFrequency Division Multiple Access	QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol)	5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
LTE-M		423.7 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	OFDMA, 16-QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation	1.08 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Poland
Lentus	Lentus is an extremely slow QRPIn amateur radio, QRP operation refers to transmitting at reduced power while attempting to maximize one's effective range. mode developed by Patrick Lindecker F6CTE used to transmit QRPIn amateur radio, QRP operation refers to transmitting at reduced power while attempting to maximize one's effective range.'s at very low power. Each 43-character (75 bit) transmission takes roughly 5 minutes to transmit across 32 possible tones in a tight 25 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). bandwidth.	136.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 14.096 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	25 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Lightning Sferics	VLFVery Low Frequency (3-30 kHz) RFRadio Frequency emissions from lightning in the atmosphere that can affect up to HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) frequencies and beyond depending on strength. Has a popping crackle sound with both USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) and AMAmplitude Modulation modes of reception.	0 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz				Worldwide
Link-11	Link-11 (Also known as ALLIGATOR, STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 5511, TADIL-A, MIL-STD-6011, and MIL-STD-188-203-1A) is a Tactical Data Link standard (formerly known as Tactical Digital Information Link (TADIL) used by NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization and the US Military for Maritime Tactical Data Exchange.	2 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Link-11 (UHF)	This is the UHFUltra High Frequency (300-3000 MHz) band variant of Link-11, which is transmitted on a FMFrequency Modulation carrier. The FMFrequency Modulation-demodulated baseband is identical to the HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) Link-11 waveform.	225 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 399.975 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
LoJack	LoJack is a vehicle tracking system that allows vehicles to be tracked by police, with the aim of recovering them in case of theft via a small radio transceiver clandestinely installed in a vehicle.	173.075 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FFSKFast Frequency-Shift Keying	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
LoRa	LoRa (Long Range) is a proprietary low-power wide-area network modulation technique.	433 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 915 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	CSS	250 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Lockheed Martin LMS-6 (Radiosonde)	The LMS-6 is a radiosonde developed by Lockheed Martin which contains a temperature, barometric pressure (On the 1680 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz models only), and humidity sensor for upper air weather observations.	400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,682 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Logic Trunked Radio (LTR)	Logic Trunked Radio, is an analog trunked radio format developed by EF Johnson Company.	150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 470 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz
Logitech(R) Wireless Mouse+Keyboard Signal	This signal comes from Logitech(R) Brand wireless mouse and keyboard combo unit.	2,400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	PPMPulse Position Modulation, GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying	500 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide	—
Low Rate Picture Transmission (LRPT)	The Low Rate Picture Transmission (LRPT) is a digital transmission system, commonly transmitted by METEOR-M satellites, used to deliver weather images and data.	137 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 138 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol)	120 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide	—
M17 RF Protocol	An open source digital mode developed for amateur and other radio applications.	30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 10,500 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying	9 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
M20 Radiosonde	Telemetry signal transmitted by M20 radiosondes	400.15 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 406 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
MD-522	MD-522 (Also known as MIL-M-55529A) is a synchronous FSKFrequency-Shift Keying mode built into GRC-MD522 teletypewriter sets and used for wirelessly transmitting ASCII information. MD-522 has a narrowband, wideband, and diversity mode.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	200 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	United States
MD-674	MD-674, also known as Wireline FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, is a very old United States Military FSKFrequency-Shift Keying Modem from the 1960's. Uses 85 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). FSKFrequency-Shift Keying shift. Speeds of 50 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., 75 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., 100 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., and 150 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. have been logged. No longer seen today.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	200 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	United States
MDC-4800	Motorola's MDC-4800 is a data protocol that was used in ARDIS and DataTAC Networks as well as in MDTMobile Data Terminal, A mobile data terminal (MDT) is a computerized device used in public transit vehicles, taxicabs, commercial trucking fleets, military logistics, and emergency vehicles, such as police cars, to communicate with a central dispatch office. networks. RD-LAP was derived from this mode. Also known as Motorola Mobile Data Communications System (MODACOM)	150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 850 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
MDC1200	MDC (Motorola Data Communications), also known as Stat-Alert, MDC-1200 and MDC-600, is a Motorola two-way radio low-speed data system.	30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 960 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	AFSKAudio Frequency-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 20 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
METEOR-M High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT)	A variant of the NOAA HRPT signal, which has a different data structure and better low-signal handling characteristics.	1,700 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide	—
METOP Advanced High Resolution Picture Transmission (AHRPT)	A high-speed digital link used by METOP weather satellites for direct data dissemination.	1,701.3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,707 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol)	6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide	—
MFJ-269C Antenna SWR Analyzer	Popular antenna analyzer among ham operators and the like. Output power is only ~20mW so if heard, source is nearby. Other MFJ models may be similar.	500 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 500 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation, NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation		1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
MIL-STD-110-342	MIL-STD-110-342 was a US Dept. of Defense standard for a 16 channel VFTVoice Frequency Telegraphy teletype transmission. This mode was officially cancelled as of December 5th, 1995.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
MIL-STD-188-110 Appendix A 16-Tone	MIL-STD-188-110 Appendix A is a 16-tone OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing PSKPhase-Shift Keying signal used to transmit data. As of 110C revision, this mode is being phased out.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	2.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
MIL-STD-188-110 Appendix B 39-Tone	MIL-STD-188-110 Appendix B is a 39-tone OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing DQPSKDifferential Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying mode used to send data and voice.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	2.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
MIL-STD-188-110 Serial	MIL-STD-188-110 Serial is a US Department of Defense standard for HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) Communications, Serial PSKPhase-Shift Keying mode. Can transmit both data and voice with a range of interleaving and speed modes for optimal propagation.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	2.75 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
MMP-4800	MMP-4800 was a MDTMobile Data Terminal, A mobile data terminal (MDT) is a computerized device used in public transit vehicles, taxicabs, commercial trucking fleets, military logistics, and emergency vehicles, such as police cars, to communicate with a central dispatch office. (Mobile Data Terminal) protocol developed by Canadian company Mobile Data International (MDI) in 1982 for their Mobile Data Terminals. Used by public safety and commercial industries. Phased out.	150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 900 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation		12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
MOBITEX	MOBITEX is an OSI based open standard, national public access wireless packet-switched data network.	400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 900 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying, FFSKFast Frequency-Shift Keying	15 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
MODAT	MODAT is a 7-tone Automatic Number Identification (ANI) status system used by handheld radios. It provides unit ID and emergency statuses to receiving radio sets when transmitted.	30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
MONITOR-2(RS39S)	Monitor-2 is a Russian 3u Cubesat used for cosmic flare observation. It is most likely only active when above Russia.	435.815 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	AFSKAudio Frequency-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
MPT 1327	MPT1327 (Ministry of Posts and Telegraph 1327) is a signaling protocol standard for analog trunked radio	162.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FFSKFast Frequency-Shift Keying, FMFrequency Modulation	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
MPT1394 Keyfob	Remote key less entry fob for Honda car's with door lock, Unlock and remote boot/trunk open feature (keyfob data may be same as other manufactures)	433.92 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	ASKAmplitude-Shift Keying	10.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Europe, Japan, Asia
MRZ-3MK Weather Balloon (radiosonde)	MRZ-3MK is a Russian weather radiosonde.	1,680 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	PFM	6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Russia	—
MRZ-N1 Weather Balloon (radiosonde)	MRZ-N1 is a russian weather radiosonde.	403 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
MSF	MSF is a time signal station in Anthorn, United Kingdom, which broadcasts the UK national time reference	60 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	OOKOn-Off Keying Modulation	5 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	United Kingdom, Europe
MSK144	MSK144 is a Minimum Shift Keying FSKFrequency-Shift Keying signal used for amateur radio meteor-scatter contacts. It transmits 144 bit long packets at a baudrate of 2000 bpsBits per second (bps) using frequencies 1000 and 2000 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz)..	30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 440 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.)	2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
MSM-1250 Modem	MSM-1250 (Medium Speed Modem) is a 10 FSKFrequency-Shift Keying-2 OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing digital data protocol used by the stand-alone modem "SkyFax", used to transmit and receive faxes on HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz).	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	2.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
MT63	MT63 is a Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed (OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) digital data mode aimed for use in high noise environments.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, PSKPhase-Shift Keying	500 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Marconi Selenia 25-Tone Modem	The Marconi Selenia 25-Tone Modem is a military modem developed sometime around 2003 by Marconi Selenia Communications (Now Finmeccanica). It supports ECCMElectronic Counter-CounterMeasures (ECCM) is a part of electronic warfare which includes a variety of practices which attempt to reduce or eliminate the effect of electronic countermeasures (ECM) such as jamming. ECCM is also known as electronic protective measures (EPM), chiefly in Europe. capability and transmits at a datarate of 2400bps.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	1.6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Mazda SKE126-01 Key Fob	SKE126-01 Key Fob used for multiple Mazda models between 2006-2014. Manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric Company.	433.413 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	WFMWideband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	100 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Mazielka (X06)	Mazielka (X06) is a diplomatic selcall system used by the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Used to alert that a Serdolik transmission is going to occur soon, usually on a different frequency.	4.963 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 23.458 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	200 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Russia
Meteomodem M10 Weather Balloon (Radiosonde)	Weather balloon (radiosonde) telemetry data.	400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 406 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Meteomodem PilotSonde Weather Balloon	Weather balloon telemetry data.	400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 406 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	15 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Meteosat WEFAX	Meteosat WEFAX is a WEFAX used to transmit satellite images via Meteosat Satellites. WEFAX was introduced with the first Meteosat in 1977.	1,691 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	AMAmplitude Modulation, FMFrequency Modulation		Worldwide
Microsonde Mark II Weather Balloon - LORAN-C signal (Radiosonde)	Weather balloon telemetry data. The LORAN-C signal is mixed into the carrier.	400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 406 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	WFMWideband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	130 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Milstar	UHFUltra High Frequency (300-3000 MHz) FHSS Downlink of Milstar, a US joint military service satellite communications system that provides secure, jam resistant, worldwide communications. Nicknamed 'Waterdroplets' for it's characteristic waveform and sound.	243.785 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 243.822 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	FHSS	50 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Modernised High Frequency Communications System (MHFCS)	The Modernised High Frequency Communications System (MHFCS) is an Australian Department of Defense HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) System for their military communications network. Also known as AUS MIL ISBIndependent Side Band Modulation Modem, AUS MHFCS, and ADF HFCS.	2.01 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 27.478 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 750 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Australia
Morse Code (CW)	CWContinuous Wave Morse Code is the simplest form of transmission found virtually all over the RFRadio Frequency bands for a variety of uses. The most common use of this is for Call-sign Beacons by both Amateur and Military operators.	3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 250,000 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	CWContinuous Wave	OOKOn-Off Keying Modulation		Worldwide
Motorola ASTRO 25 HPD Air Interface	Motorola's ASTRO 25 High Performance Data Air Interface allows Motorola ASTRO 25 HPD modems to transfer data at up to 96 kbpsKilobits per second (kbps) over a 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz channel in the 700 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz or 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz bands.	769 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 869 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation	17.7 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
Motorola MOSCAD SCADA telemetry	Motorola MOSCAD, is motorola's FSKFrequency-Shift Keying version of SCADA for Data acquisition.	150 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 470 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz
Motorola SECURENET	Motorola SECURENET ("analog" encryption) was a secure voice option for conventional and Motorola Type II trunked systems, encoding the voice using 12kbps CVSD and encrypting the bitstream. It is easily identified by the 6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz tone at the end of transmission. As it is not 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz FCC narrowbanding mandate compliant, it does not see much use anymore.	137 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 941 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	16 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Motorola Type II	Radio trunking control channel.	136 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 941 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	16 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Multi Frequency Shift Keying (MFSK)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying is a family of multi-frequency shift keying digital transmission modes. MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying-8 and MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying-16 are two well-known amateur radio modes.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	154 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 630 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Multitone Paging	Multitone Paging signal, developed by Multitone Electronics in the UK. Uses similar coding to POCSAG but the headers are different and only work with Multitone's range of paging products	25 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 470 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FFSKFast Frequency-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
NATEL	NATEL is a 5-tone selcall mode defined by Scandinavian National Telephone recommendations.	30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
NB-IOT	Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoTInternet of Things) is a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) radio technology standard developed by 3GPP to enable a wide range of cellular devices and services.	700 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,900 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol)	200 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
NFM Voice	Used in analog walkie-talkies and communication systems.	27 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 864 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FMFrequency Modulation	5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
NML	Naval Radio Transmitter Facility (NRTF) transmits encrypted commands to submerged US submarines.	25.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	CWContinuous Wave	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	United States
NOAA Direct Sounder Broadcast (DSB)	The Direct Sounder Broadcast (DSBDual Side Band Modulation) is an auxiliary telemetry downlink from NOAA Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES), transmitted alongside Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) broadcasts.	137.35 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 137.77 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	33.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
NOAA ITOS High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT)	An analog signal broadcast from NOAA ITOS polar satellites that transmitted images from the VHRR radiometer.	1,697.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	WFMWideband Frequency Modulation	FMFrequency Modulation	1 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide	—
NOAA POES High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT)	A digital link to transmit images and other data collected from the satellite at a high resolution.	1,698 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 2,247.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide	—
NOV	TACAMO (take charge and move out) is the back up communications system to the US nuclear submarine fleet in case an attack on land based transmitters disables them. A rotating fleet of Navy E6 jets equipped with 200 KW transmitters and two 2½-mile-long trailing wire antennas (TWA) at 35,000 ft altitude to provide 24/7 coverage. Short pings are transmitted every few seconds.	26.9 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	CWContinuous Wave			Worldwide
NPM	Naval Radio Transmitting Facility (NRTF) sends encrypted commands to submerged US naval submarines in the Pacific.	21.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	CWContinuous Wave	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	United States
NTSC Broadcast	National Television System Committee (NTSC) Television broadcast is an analogue television broadcast mode. Currently being phased out in parts of the world in favor of digital broadcast.	54 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 806 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation, VSBVestigial Sideband Modulation	6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
NWC	Naval Communication Station (NCS) Harold E. Holt. Used jointly by the Australian and United States navies to transmit encrypted orders to submerged submarines in the Pacific.	19.8 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	CWContinuous Wave	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Australia
Narrow-Bandwidth Television (NBTV)	Narrow-Bandwidth Television (NBTV).	1.8 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 50 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz		AMAmplitude Modulation, FMFrequency Modulation	13 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide	—
National Public Alerting System (NPAS)	The National Public Alerting System (NPAS), branded to consumers as Alert Ready, is a national warning system in Canada. The tone does not carry any information to be decoded. Information about Emergencies is communicated via on screen text and text-to-speech.					Canada
Near Field Communication (NFC)	Near-field communication (NFC) is a set of communication protocols that enables communication between two electronic devices over a distance of 4 cm (11⁄2 in) or less.	13.56 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz		ASKAmplitude-Shift Keying	1.7 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide	—
Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex (NICAM)	NICAM is used to provide digital stereo audio alongside PAL video for television broadcasts.	174 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 700 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	400 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide	—
Next Generation Digital Narrowband (NXDN)	NXDN is a digital narrowband trunked radio protocol used in commercial, business & industry, transport and Public Safety professional radio systems.	136 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 520 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	C4FMContinuous 4-Level Frequency Modulation	6.25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Nissan Car Key	Wireless entry rolling code car key.	301.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 433 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation		40 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Nokia Adaptive Message Terminal	The Nokia Adaptive Message Terminal, also known as Nokia Adaptive Burst Modem and Kryapp 302, is a Finnish encrypted messaging system suggested to be used by Finnish Intelligence Services and Swedish Military.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1.6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Non-Directional Beacon (NDB)	A Non-Directional Beacon (NDB) is a ground-based, low frequency radio transmitter used as an instrument approach for airports and offshore platforms.	190 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1.8 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	CWContinuous Wave	A2A (AMAmplitude Modulation)	2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT)	Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT, NMT-450, and NMT-900) is a first generation analog cell phone system. Originally designed for and by Nordic countries (Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark) it was widely deployed around the world. Nowadays (as of 2015) NMT is defunct.	453 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 960 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
North Korean Diplo FSK	North Korean Diplomatic FSKFrequency-Shift Keying link, teletype radio diplomatic usage. Also known as DPRK-FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, KRE-FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, DPRK-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, and KEGURI. Has a FECForward Error Correction stream mode and a burst ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query mode.	9 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 29 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	1.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	North Korea
North Korean Diplo PSK	North Korean Diplomatic PSKPhase-Shift Keying link. Also known as KRE-PSKPhase-Shift Keying. Four speed modes have been seen, 150 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., 300 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., 600 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., and 1200 bdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second.. All use BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) modulation. The main identifying feature of this signal are the preambles and end of transmission patterns.	9 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 29 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	North Korea
North Korean Siren Jammer	The North Korean Siren Jammer is among the signal disruption techniques employed by North Korea, commonly targeting shortwave radio stations.	4.45 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz
North Korean noise jammer	Noise jammer with a carrier than tends to switch frequencies slightly lower and higher than the main signal frequency. Commonly found on 6.6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	6.6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	AMAmplitude Modulation	7 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	North Korea
OFDM NBTV	OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing NBTV is an analog technique, in fact it is a true Fuzzy design as well. The transmission technique used is quite different from conventional TV	3 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	SSBSingle-sideband modulation	Analog OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
OOK RC Car Remote Control	Cheap RC Cars with only for buttons (Forward, Reverse, Left, Right) Typically use 27Mhz or 49Mhz as the transmit frequency. There's typically no channel switching system on the remote control, which leads to interference with operating two RC vehicles at once.	27 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 49 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	OOKOn-Off Keying Modulation	1.6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
OPERA Beacon and Data	OPERA Ad-Hoc Data/Beacon. The system is unique in that utilizes a serial data stream and Manchester coding, its therefore impossible to lose lock and its extremely robust in disturbed paths and heavy static.	136 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 10,000 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	ASKAmplitude-Shift Keying	1 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Olivia	OLIVIA is an amateur digital teletype mode designed by Pawel Jalocha SP9VRC in 2005. Its goal was to be effective even in poor propagation conditions.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	125 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
One Beep, Two Beeps	One Beep, Two Beeps is a nickname given to a signal emitted by the Norwegian Navy communications center in Bodø	4.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 6.429 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)			Norway
OpenSky	OpenSky is an encrypted TDMATime Division Multiple Access protocol that is heavily used but is being phased out by the Pennsylvania State Police. No one other than the intended user has been able to decrypt the signal.	700 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,000 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	TDMATime Division Multiple Access	20.07 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
OrbComm Mobile Telephony	Orbcomm digitized mobile satellite-based telephone signal intercepted over Hawaii, preceding NOAA 19 pass.	137.2 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 137.46 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation		15 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Orbcomm	Orbcomm satellites are used for monitoring and sending short text messages.	137 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	SDPSK	15 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
PACKET	Packet, also known as FSK300, AFSK1200, BPSK300, QPSK600, BPSK1200, QPSK2400, AX.25 and IL2P, is a packet based protocol derived from X.25 and HDLC computer network protocols. Packet radio is a synchronous system in which data is transmitted in frames.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	730 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
PACTOR I	PACTOR-I is a digital data protocol combining elements of PACKET and AMTOR ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
PACTOR II	PACTOR II is an advancement of PACTOR I. It is up to 8 times faster than PACTOR I.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	450 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
PACTOR III	PACTOR III introduces 6 speed levels that provide higher throughput and improved robustness compared to PACTOR I and II. PACTOR III is on average 3.5 times faster than PACTOR II. With optimal conditions, PACTOR III becomes over 5 times faster.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
PACTOR IV	PACTOR IV is the newest iteration of the PACTOR series, advancing from PACTOR I-III. It is 1.5x-3x faster than PACTOR III, and has 10 speed levels.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation	300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
PAL Broadcast	Phase Alternating Line (PAL) Analogue Television Broadcast. Now phased out in most of the world.	47 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 862 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation, VSBVestigial Sideband Modulation, FMFrequency Modulation	6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 8 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
PAX	PAX and PAX2 are developed by Patrick Lindecker F6CTE in 2005, and was derived from Olivia. It utilizes the AX.25 protocol that PACKET uses, and had a minimum SNR of -10dB. Can transmit APRSAutomatic Packet Reporting System, an amateur radio-based system for real time tactical digital communications of information of immediate value in the local area frames.	3.59 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 144.62 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	500 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
PI4	PI4 (PharusIgnis4) is a 4-MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying mode designed for amateur radio beacons. It is designed to work via different propagation modes.	136 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 10,000 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	709 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
PLUTO II OTH Radar	PLUTO II is an Over The Horizon Radar located in the Sovereign Base Area just outside RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus. PLUTO II is very active in Europe.	8 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 38 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FMCW	20 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 40 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Cyprus
POCSAG	POCSAG (Post Office Code Standardisation Advisory Group), also known as Super-POCSAG, Radio Paging Code No. 1 or RPC1, is a one-way 2FSK paging protocol that supports 512, 1200, and 2400 bpsBits per second (bps).	25 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 932 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	9 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
POL-ARQ	POL-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query was a duplex ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system used by Polish and Italian diplomatic services. This system uses the CCIRComité Consultatif International pour la Radio (Predecessor of the ITU-R) 476-4 alphabet with polatiry retained. No longer in use.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	350 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Europe
PRC-16	PRC-16 is a Chinese sourced PSKPhase-Shift Keying data link, traced to Shanghai. Suspected user Chinese Military.	14.3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	2.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	China
PROBA 1/2 Downlink	Dump of satellite data to Redu, Belgium ground station from the PROBA (Project for On-Board Autonomy) 1, 2, and V ESA satellites.	2,235 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol)	4 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Europe	—
PSK Paging link	Also known as PSKPhase-Shift Keying paging, is a signal that allows side-by-side PSKPhase-Shift Keying to exist in AFSKAudio Frequency-Shift Keying paging links, allowing for more dynamically processed DSP available.	150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 470 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
PSK-AM	PSKPhase-Shift Keying-AMAmplitude Modulation is an amateur digital mode developed by Patrick Lindecker F6CTE in 2002/2003, and incorporates FECForward Error Correction interleaving. PSKPhase-Shift Keying-AMAmplitude Modulation uses the modulation of PSK10/31 with the FECForward Error Correction of SITOR-B.	10.148 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 144.62 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	40 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 180 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
PSK2K	PSK2K is a meteor scatter type of mode written by DJ5HG Using a modulation scheme of BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) at 2000 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second..	50.36 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 144.36 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Pager SSTV	An unknown use of pager data thats sent in the form of frames, possibly used to send SSTV or confidnetial Faxes over a re-purposed POCSAG or FLEX transmitter.	152 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 450 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
Panther-H Modem	Panther-H is an intelligent frequency hopping transceiver developed by Racal (now Thales Group). Has a signature 8-burst SOC (Start Of Conversation) sync procedure. Used in Panther-2000H radios	1.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Phase Shift Keying (PSK)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying is a digital teletype mode based on Phase-Shift Keying (PSKPhase-Shift Keying) modulation. The most popular amateur radio PSKPhase-Shift Keying mode is PSKPhase-Shift Keying 31.	1.838 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 909 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	10 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Piccolo	Piccolo was a MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying system developed by the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) to communicate with foreign embassies and UK military stations around the world. No longer used.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	180 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Polish Intelligence 100bd 625Hz FSK	One-way broadcast system, used by one of Polish intelligence agencies for delivery of messages to their operatives abroad on fixed schedules.	4 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 20 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	3.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Poland
Portable Traffic Lights	Signals sent from portable traffic lights that are often used at roadworks.	154.463 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation			Worldwide
Positive Train Control (PTC)	Positive train control (PTC) is a system of functional requirements for monitoring and controlling train movements as an attempt to provide increased safety.	220 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW		20 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
Powerline Over Ethernet	Ethernet Over Powerline, is an alternative way to reach ethernet cables through a set of adapters that go into outlets that can be plugged directly in the router instead of routing cables all the way from one end of a building to another. It creates the Pulse-Amplitude modulation that ethernet uses, over the RFRadio Frequency waves, and can reach a bandwidth of 60 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz depending on certain conditions. It can cause enormous interference in HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) and lower VHFVery High Frequency (30-300 MHz).	0 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 60 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	PAMPulse Amplitude Modulation	60 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
Primary Aeronautical Surveillance Radar	A Primary radar (PSR Primary Surveillance Radar) is a conventional radar sensor that illuminates a large portion of space with an electromagnetic wave and receives back the reflected waves from targets within that space.	1,215 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	Pulse	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
Primex Wireless Time Sync	Primex Wireless Time Sync is a VHFVery High Frequency (30-300 MHz) Time Synchronization signal used in Primex Wireless's XR Series.	72.02 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 72.98 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	20 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
ProVoice	ProVoice is a digital voice mode used in EDACS trunked systems.	160 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 941 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying		Worldwide
Project 25 (P25)	Project 25 (P25 or APCO-25) is a trunked radio standard developed by The Association of Public Safety Communications Officials International (APCO-25) for use with public safety organizations around the world.	136 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 859 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, C4FMContinuous 4-Level Frequency Modulation, TDMATime Division Multiple Access	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Pulse Coded Modulated (PCM) RC Toy	Signal used for remote control (RC) Toys.	27.145 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 49 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz		PCM		Worldwide
Pursuit Wireless Car Key	Pursuit series wireless car alarm entry key, for use on vehicles equipped with Pursuit Series Car Alarm System.	301.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 434 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	AMAmplitude Modulation	40 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Q-MAC HF Modem	The Q-MAC HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) Modem is a military modem developed by Q-MAC (acquired by Barrett Communications). It uses OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing with a BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) sync channel in a gap of the signal.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Q15X25	Q15X25, also known as NEWQPSK, is an experimental amateur radio packet modem developed by Pawel Jalocha SP9VRC. Q15X25 is a OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) implementation of the AX.25 Packet protocol used in PACKET.	3.585 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 14.109 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	1.95 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 2.35 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
QO-100-modem	High speed modem for qo-100 amateur satellite narrow transponder.	10,489.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 10,490 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol), BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol), APSK	2.7 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz
Quadcopter Telemetry Signal	This signal originates from the Silicon Instruments Si1000 Software Defined Radio (SDR) that is a component of the 3DR Telemetry Radio, sold for use as a data link between a computer ground station and a UAV "a drone".	414 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 935 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FHSS-TDM	BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol), QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation, 8PSK8-Phase Phase-Shift Keying (3 bits per symbol)		Worldwide	No Audio File
RAC-ARQ	RAC-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, also known as MEROD and RACAL-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, is a teleprinter system by Racal, used in MEROD devices. MEROD stands for Message Entry and Read Out Device. Hasn't been seen since 2010.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
RBU	RBU is a time code radio station located in Moscow. It transmits a continuous 10 kW time code on 66.66 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz.	66.66 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	650 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Russia
RDL	RDL is a Russian VLFVery Low Frequency (3-30 kHz) station located in Krasnodar. It is one of the few VLFVery Low Frequency (3-30 kHz) stations that changes modes during routine transmissions.	18.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	CWContinuous Wave	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, CWContinuous Wave-FSKFrequency-Shift Keying		Russia
RF heating and welding interference	Radio frequency heating and welding equipment may radiate interference which can be picked up by radio receivers. On a waterfall display, it usually appears as wobbly peaks that rapidly drift downwards in frequency.	24 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	CWContinuous Wave, FMFrequency Modulation		Worldwide
RFID	Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. The tags contain electronically-stored information. Passive tags collect energy from a nearby RFID reader's interrogating radio waves.	13.56 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)		3.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
ROS	ROS is an amateur radio teletype free running QSO mode designed for low signal/high noise conditions.	1.8 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	DSSS	2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
RS80	Valsala Radiosonde RS80. This is an analog weather balloon radiosonde. Measures Temperature, Pressure and Humidity.	1,680 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	120 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
RTTYM	RTTYM, developed by Nick Fedoseev (UT2UZ) in 2005, is a digital mode derived from Olivia. It aims to deliver a compromise of speed and performance. RTTYM is about 4x faster than Olivia, but trades the speed for reduced robustness and sensitivity.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	150 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
RUM-FEC	RUM-FECForward Error Correction, also known as ROU-FECForward Error Correction and SAU-FECForward Error Correction, is a FSKFrequency-Shift Keying FECForward Error Correction system used by Romanian diplomatic services. This is no longer used today, replaced by MIL-STD 188-110 Serial.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	750 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Romania
RUM-MOI FEC	RUM-MOI FECForward Error Correction, also known as RUM-MIL 115.76 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second., is a FSKFrequency-Shift Keying FECForward Error Correction mode used by the Romanian Ministry of Internal Affairs, supposedly under military use. This is no longer used today, replaced by MIL-STD 188-110 Serial.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	600 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Romania
RWM	RWM is a Russian shortwave time signal station.	4.996 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 14.996 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	OOKOn-Off Keying Modulation	5 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Russia
Radar altimeter	Aircrafts radar altimeter.	4,200 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 4,300 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	FMCW	20 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
Radio Data Link Access Procedure (RD-LAP)	Motorola's Radio Data Link Access Procedure (RD-LAP) is a 1G protocol that was used in ARDIS and DataTAC Networks, and is still used in some MDTMobile Data Terminal, A mobile data terminal (MDT) is a computerized device used in public transit vehicles, taxicabs, commercial trucking fleets, military logistics, and emergency vehicles, such as police cars, to communicate with a central dispatch office.'s, as well as gas companies, police departments, fire departments, financial companies, etc.	150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 850 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Radio Data System (RDS)	Radio Data System (RDS) and its North American variant, Radio Broadcast Data System (RBDS), are data modes transmitted on subcarriers of commercial FMFrequency Modulation radio station transmissions.	65 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 108 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	DSBDual Side Band Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Radio Telephone Network C (C-Netz)	The Radio Telephone Network C (German: Funktelefonnetz-C, abbreviated as C-Netz), was a first generation analog cellular phone system deployed and operated in Germany (at first West Germany) by DeTeMobil (formerly of Deutsche Bundespost Telekom, currently Deutsche Telekom).	450 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Germany
Radio Teletype (RTTY)	RTTYRadio TeleTYpe (Also known as Baudot or ITA2) uses the Baudot 5-bit alphabet with FSKFrequency-Shift Keying to send text messages over the shortwave. This mode is gradually dying out in favor of more robust modes like PSK31 in the amateur service.	147.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 28.15 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	85 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 850 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Radioteknicheskaya Systema Dalney Navigatsii (RSDN-20)	RSDN-20, also known as Alpha, is a Russian hyperbolic radio navigation system. Presumed to be used for Russian ships, submarines and aircraft in the northern hemisphere, possibly worldwide.	11.91 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 14.88 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	CWContinuous Wave		20 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Russia
Rain Master sprinkler control		154.6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation			Worldwide
ReFLEX	ReFLEX is a two-way paging variant of FLEX.	896 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 941 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FFSKFast Frequency-Shift Keying	40 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
Redundant Digital File Transfer (RDFT)	RDFT is an amateur radio digital mode used to transmit files.	9.065 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 9.24 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	1.8 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Relocatable Over-the-Horizon Radar (ROTHR)	Relocatable Over-the-Horizon Radar (ROTHR), also known as AN/TPS-71, is an OTHOver The Horizon (very long range) Radar used by the United States Navy that uses bistatic ionospheric backscattering for wide area surveillance.	5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 28 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FMCW	4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 100 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
Robust PACKET	Robust PACKET, also known as HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz)-APRSAutomatic Packet Reporting System, an amateur radio-based system for real time tactical digital communications of information of immediate value in the local area, RPR, Winlink RMS, and APRSlink, is an OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing version of the amateur mode PACKET which is optimized for shortwave use. This mode was developed by Spezielle Communications Systeme GmbH & Co. KG (SCS).	3.61 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 14.103 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	500 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Russian Diplo VFT PSK 64Bd	Russian Diplomatic 3 channel VFTVoice Frequency Telegraphy PSKPhase-Shift Keying running at 64 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second.. Enigma M42 designation	4.022 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 23.131 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
Russian Intelligence 200bd 1000Hz FSK	One-way error-correcting broadcast system, used by one of Russian intelligence agencies for delivery of messages to their operatives abroad on fixed schedules.	4 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 23 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
Russian MFSK-OFDM-chirp hybrid modem	A supposedly Russian HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) data mode with MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing and frequency sweeps, resulting in an interesting spectrogram and sound.	12.176 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 16.259 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, FMFrequency Modulation, FMCW	3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 96 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia, Worldwide
Russian OTH 'Ghadir' type	Over The Horizon radar with a very similar signal structure as Ghadir. Operating in west Russia.	28.6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)			Russia
Russian overhead power line telemetry system	Russian telemetry system, transmitted over the overhead power lines.	50 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Russia
S-Band Jammer	This is what the signal of a military S-Band (In this case 2.4 GHzGigaHertz (GHz) 10^9 Hz) RADAR and WiFi intentional interference (Jamming) device looks like. This signal is generated by a DDS system and is then used to modulate the output of a 2.45 GHzGigaHertz (GHz) 10^9 Hz magnetron (The same as in a microwave oven).	2,400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz		Noise	100 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 100 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide	—
SAS/SRC	Swedish navy transmitter for submarine communication. It shares the antenna with SAQ (Grimeton Radio)	40.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz		MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.)		Sweden
SAS2	Swedish navy transmitter for submarine communication. It shares the antenna with SAQ (Grimeton Radio) and is activated less often as the other Swedish transmitters used for VLFVery Low Frequency (3-30 kHz) submarine communication. Usually, it works with reduced power.	42.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz		MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.)		Sweden
SAS3	Swedish navy transmitter for submarine communication. It shares the antenna with SAQ (Grimeton Radio).	44.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz		MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.)		Sweden
SHR	Swedish navy transmitter for submarine communication. It shares the antenna with SAQ (Grimeton Radio).	38 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz		MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.)		Sweden
SI-ARQ	SI-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, also known as ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-S and ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-1000S, is a simplex ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system designed by Siemens formerly used by Austrian and Indonesian diplomatic services. No longer used today.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	350 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Europe
SI-FEC	SI-FECForward Error Correction, also known as FECForward Error Correction-S, FECForward Error Correction 1000 Simplex, and FECForward Error Correction-1000S, was the FECForward Error Correction variant of SI-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, and was only used under extremely poor propagation conditions. SI-FECForward Error Correction was developed by Siemens and was used by Austrian and Indonesian diplomatic services.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	280 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Europe
SIGFOX	SIGFOX is a IoTInternet of Things wireless network system utilizing ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute. An independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry in Europe, developing global telecommunications standards.'s specification for Low Throughput Networks (LTN) and Ultra Narrow-Band (UNB) modulation.	868 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 868.6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol)	200 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
SITOR-A	SITOR-A (Also known as AMTOR-A) is one of two modes of SITOR, which stands for Simplex Teletype Over Radio.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	350 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
SITOR-B	SITOR-B is one of two modes of SITOR (Simplex Teletype Over Radio).	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	350 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
SNOTEL (Snow Telemetry)	SNOTEL stations are a set of precipitation and other sensors spread across the mountains of the United States by the Department of Agriculture through the National Resources Conservation Service.	40.67 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	9 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
SNOTEL (Snow Telemetry)	SNOTEL stations are a set of precipitation and other sensors spread across the mountains of the United States by the Department of Agriculture through the National Resources Conservation Service.	40.67 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	9 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
SP-14 (XP)	SP-14 (XP) was a 14 tone MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying mode with origins from the Russian Intelligence and Foreign Ministry. Also known as NUM-13. Inactive since 2005, superseded by XPA.	9 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 12 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	1.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
SPREAD	SPREAD, also known as AUTOSPEC Mk2, SPREAD-11, SPREAD-21, and SPREAD-51, was a FECForward Error Correction system used by Romanian diplomatic stations and the Brazilian Navy and shore stations. SPREAD is considered the successor to AUTOSPEC.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	600 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
SSTV	A form of SSTV.	3.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 4 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	lsb	ssb			—
STANAG 4197	STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 4197 is a NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing signal used in ANDVT modems that transmit encrypted digital voice over HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz).	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	2.3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
STANAG 4285	STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 4285 is specified by the NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Military Agency for Standardization in "Characteristics of 1200 / 2400 / 3600 Bits per Second Single Tone Modulators / Demodulators for HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) Radio Links"	1.89 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 22.7 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	2.75 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
STANAG 4415	STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 4415 is a NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization standard for robust, non-hopping digital data communication, used on severely degraded HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) channels with large Doppler and multipath spreads.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	2.75 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
STANAG 4481	STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 4481, also known as CRATT, Link-4, and NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization-75, is specified by the NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Military Agency for Standardization as a "Minimum technical equipment standards for naval HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) shore-to-ship broadcast system"	2.815 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 18.016 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, PSKPhase-Shift Keying	1.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 2.75 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
STANAG 4529	STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 4529 a modification of STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 4285 to deliver data and voice in 1240 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). of bandwidth at rates of up to 1800 bpsBits per second (bps).	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	1.24 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
STANAG 4539	STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 4539 or MIL-STD-188-110B/C Appendix C is a HDR (110B) / MDR (110C) serial PSKPhase-Shift Keying/QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation signal that can reach speeds up to 9600 bpsBits per second (bps) (12800 bpsBits per second (bps) with no interleaving).	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation	3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
STANAG 5065	STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 5065 is defined as "Minimum Standards for Naval Low Frequency (LFLow Frequency (30-300 kHz)) Shore-To-Ship Surface Broadcast Systems", with two primary protocols, FSK75 and MSK300.	50 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 160 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, MSKMinimum-Shift Keying (When Shift/Bd = 0.5. It is impossible to get this ratio to be lower than 0.5, hence it is called the 'Minimum' shift.)	235 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 360 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
STP403 Bus PIT System	STP403 is a bus PITPassenger Information Terminals, such as bus timetable displays at bus stops system used to update digital displays at bus stops. STP403 was developed by French companies INEO and CESATEC.	164 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 468.488 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FFSKFast Frequency-Shift Keying	8 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	France
SWED-ARQ	SWED-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, also known as ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query-SWE, was a Swedish simplex ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query system used by Swedish diplomatic services. This protocol supported three packet lengths and was able to change packet length mid-transmission. No longer used today.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	600 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Sweden
Saab Grintek MHF-50 MFSK Modem	The MHF-50 MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying Modem by Saab Grintek Technologies in South Africa is a data modem that utilizes RTTYRadio TeleTYpe, 2-FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, and 33-MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying to transmit data	4.245 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 12.982 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying, FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	2.2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	South Africa
Schneider Trio E-Series Modem	Schneider Trio E-Series Modems are industrial modems used for SCADA, telemetry, and other ASCII-based messaging applications.	370 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 518 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying, GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Secondary surveillance radar (SSR)	Secondary surveillance radar (SSR)is a radar system used in air traffic control. A surveillance radar system which uses transmitters/receivers (interrogators) and transponders.	1,030 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	PPMPulse Position Modulation	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide
Sensus Water meter (Acquisition units)	These are samples from the Sensus Water meters. They are a FHSS ASKAmplitude-Shift Keying encoded data transmission for purposes of providing municipalities water meter telemetry (for billing how much water you use).	902 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 927 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz		ASKAmplitude-Shift Keying, FHSS	175 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	Worldwide	—
Serdolik	Serdolik is a MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying signal used by the Russian diplomatic service.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	1.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
Siemens 1.5T MRI Scanner	Radio signal used by MRI machines to excite protons and obtain their response.	64 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz				Worldwide
Siemens CHX-200 FSK Modem	CHX200, also known as Siemens CHP200 and PRC-921/GY, is a backpack HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) ECCOM transceiver, designed and built by Siemens.	1.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Single Sideband Voice	Single-sideband voice is a subtype of AMAmplitude Modulation voice modulation. It is used in HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) amateur bands and for weak signal VHFVery High Frequency (30-300 MHz) and UHFUltra High Frequency (300-3000 MHz) voice, as well as aircraft weather reports.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	SSBSingle-sideband modulation	AMAmplitude Modulation	1.9 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Single frequency russian overhead power line telemetry system	Russian telemetry system, transmitted over the overhead power lines.	50 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	SSBSingle-sideband modulation	AMAmplitude Modulation	300 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Russia
SiriusXM Satellite Radio	SiriusXM Satellite Radio: Terrestrial Repeater Signal	2,332.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 2,345 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing, PSKPhase-Shift Keying	12.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	United States
SkyOFDM	Data transmission mode developed by SkySweep Technologies in Finland. Probably used by Finnish MFA	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 2.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Finland
Slow-Scan Television (SSTV)	Slow-scan television (SSTV) is a method for picture transmission used by amateur radio operators to transmit and receive images.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 450 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables), LSBLower Side Band Modulation, NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FMFrequency Modulation	2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Smart TV Interference	Interference from Smart TV units	528 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)		84 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Snap Circuits SCROV-10 Remote Control	A remote control transmission from the controller from an Elenco Snap Circuits SCROV-10 kit.	27.145 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	ASKAmplitude-Shift Keying	6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz
Sonne	Sonne (Called Consol by the Britons) was a low-frequency radio range based radio navigation system used for long range navigation.	250 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 350 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	OOKOn-Off Keying Modulation	1 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Soyuz-MS spacecraft telemetry	Russian spacecraft telemetry system.	166 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 634 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PCM, FMFrequency Modulation	250 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Spectrum Painting	A form of SSTV that directly modulates an image to IQQuadrature signals form the basis of complex RF signal modulation and demodulation, both in hardware and in software, as well as in complex signal analysis. by scanning across it so it shows up when viewed using a waterfall. Used by Hams for experimentation methods.	2 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 10 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables), LSBLower Side Band Modulation	OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide	—
SuperDARN (Super Dual Auroral Radar Network)	SuperDARN (Super Dual Auroral Radar Network) is an international radar network used for scientific purposes. The network is used to study plasma convection in the upper atmosphere.	8 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 20 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)		6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA)	Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) is a control system architecture that is used in industrial applications for computerized automated systems. Wireless telemetry is used on RTU's to send data to control units for operators to utilize.	413 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 950 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	12 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz
Switch-mode power supply interference	Switch-mode power supplies, used in many types of electronic devices, can generate RFRadio Frequency noise on wide frequency ranges.	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 200 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)			Worldwide
T-230-1A 'Mahovik'	CISCommonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the former Soviet Republic-1200, Mahovik, "Flywheel" in Russian, is a PSKPhase-Shift Keying based mode that can transmit both voice and data. It is transmitted from a Russian T-230-1A.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	SDPSK	2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
TDF	TDF, also known as ALS162, is a time signal transmitted on the former carrier of France's France Inter longwave AMAmplitude Modulation radio station on 162 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz.	162 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	1 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	France
THOR	THOR is an adaptation of DominoEX with MFSK16 binary varicode and FECForward Error Correction.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	IFKIncremental Frequency Keying	173 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 524 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
THROB	THROB is a unique data mode that relies heavily on DSP techniques, using MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying and AMAmplitude Modulation modulation techniques together.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	72 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 188 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
TT2300	TT2300, also known as TT2300B, TT2300-ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query, TRA-2300, and TPLEX, is an 8MFSK synchronous system developed by Thrane & Thrane of Denmark (acquired by UK defense firm Cobham in 2012).	5.029 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 7.72 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	1.6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 1.7 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
TWINPLEX	TWINPLEX, also known as F7B4 and TWINPLEX-SITOR, was a diplex 4-FSKFrequency-Shift Keying ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query mode developed by Mackay Radio and Telegraph Company, based in New York City, in the early 1950's. TWINPLEX was used by Interpol, the United Nations, and other diplomatic services.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	450 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 950 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	Worldwide
Tactical Air Navigation System (TACAN)	Radio navigation technology that measures the slant range (distance) between an aircraft and a ground station by timing the propagation delay of radio signals.	960 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,213 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz				Worldwide
Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA)	TETRA is a professional mobile radio and two-way transceiver (walkie-talkie) specification	380 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 430 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Tetrapol	Tetrapol is a digital professional mobile radio standard for digital voice and data communication used by public safety and military throughout Europe. Tetrapol was originally developed by Matra Communication (Currently part of EADS/Airbus Group) in France in the 1980's.	370 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Europe
Thales SALAMANDRE (HFXL)	Thales SALAMANDRE (using HFXL waveform) uses up to 16 separate contiguous or not-contiguous narrowband HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) channels for high datarate military and tactical communications. Operates on a modified STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).-4539 platform.	3 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	150 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Thales Système 3000 HF Modem	Thales Système 3000 is a HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) modem capable of many different modes of transmission. It has a unique preamble and format to it's signals.	1.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Thales Système 3000 Skyhopper	Thales Système 3000 Skyhopper is the frequency hopping mode of the Système 3000 Modem. Characterized by it's very short bursts and frequency hopping behavior.	1.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	2 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 2.6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Thales Système 3000 Voice Scrambler	Voice Scrambling mode from Thales Système 3000 HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) Modem. Has characteristic PSKPhase-Shift Keying and MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying bursts at the beginning and end of a voice transmission.	1.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, MFSKMultiple Frequency Shift-Keying	3 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
The 'Air Horn'	"The Air Horn" is a Russian military commandment network serving the Western Military District, which also serves the same purpose as the buzzer. It transmits on 3510 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz around the clock. So far, apart from test counts and other technical tests, it has not been heard with any actual traffic.	3.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	SSBSingle-sideband modulation		5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
The Alarm	Channel marker of a Russian military station nicknamed "The Alarm". "The Alarm" is a Russian military commandment network serving the Western Military District. So far, apart from test counts, it has not been heard with any actual traffic.	4.77 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)		2.4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
The Buzzer (ZhUOZ MDZhB UZB76)	The Buzzer, call-sign NZhTI (formerly ANVF, ZhUOZ, MDZhB and UZB-76), is a Russian Military Commandment system signal used to broadcast diplomatic ciphered messages known as "monolit" to the russian navy. If there is no message to broadcast, its "homing" signal is a loud ship-horn buzzing sound. It is believed to serve a similar purposes to The Alarm and The Air Horn.	4.625 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 6.998 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	2.8 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
The Goose	Channel marker of the Russian military station nicknamed "The Goose", for its distinct channel marker sound. Uses 3243 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz in nighttime, and 4310kHz in daytime.	3.243 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 4.31 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	AMAmplitude Modulation	3.1 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Russia
The Pip	The Pip is the nickname given by radio listeners to a shortwave radio station that broadcasts on the frequency 5448 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz by day, and 3756 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz during the night. It broadcasts short, repeated beeps at a rate of around 50 per minute, for 24 hours per day. The beep signal is occasionally interrupted by voice messages in Russian. The Pip has been active since around 1986 when its distinctive beeping sound was first recorded by listeners. While its official name or callsign is not known, some of the voice transmissions begin with the code 8S1Shch (Cyrillic: 8С1Щ), which is generally considered to be the name of the station. However, this code may not be a callsign, but instead, serve some other purpose. Radioscanner.ru identifies the owner of this station as a North-Caucasian military district communication center with callsign "Akacia" (ex-72nd communication center, Russian "72 узел связи штаба СКВО")	3.756 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 5.448 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables),AMAmplitude Modulation			Russia
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)	TPMS (Tire-Pressure Monitoring System), more specifically Direct TPMS (dTPMS), is a system that uses pressure sensors to monitor tire pressure on vehicles.	315 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 434 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	100 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Total Access Communication System (TACS)	A first generation analogue mobile cellular system which operated in the United Kingdom and a handful of other countries in Europe. It is also the EU's form of AMPS.	872 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 960 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FMFrequency Modulation, FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Europe
Toyota Car Key	Wireless entry rolling code car key.	315 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 433 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation		40 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Traffic Light Control R09	AFSKAudio Frequency-Shift Keying Modulated signal with 2400Baud for traffic light control. Contains R09.16 telegrams as specified per VDV Standard 420.	68 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 470 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz		AFSKAudio Frequency-Shift Keying	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Germany	—
Transit 5B-5	Transit 5B-5, a former TRANSIT navigation satellite, is the oldest satellite known to still transmit a signal. Considered "dead" because its navigational systems failed after 19 days of operation, it still emits a telemetry signal when illuminated.	136.658 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	WFMWideband Frequency Modulation	PCM, PAMPulse Amplitude Modulation, FMFrequency Modulation, PM	32 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
UHF Vehicle Location System	LTR Passport is a type of control channel (unlike the standalone LTR that doesnt have one) which consists of multiple radio repeater sites linked together to form a wide-area radio dispatch network.	400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 900 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	5.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
UIC 751-3	The UIC radio is an analogue radio, which consists of lineside and mobile (trainborne) equipment. Radio systems following this basic subset allow for simplex and duplex voice communication and use of operating signals (tones), and for selective calls and for data transmission.	457 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 468 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Spain
UK AM Data System (UK-AMDS)	UK AMAmplitude Modulation Data System (UK-AMDS) was developed by BBC Research and Development in 1984 as a way to transmit low bitrate data on BBC Radio 4's LFLow Frequency (30-300 kHz) AMAmplitude Modulation carrier. Elements of this system were adopted into ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute. An independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry in Europe, developing global telecommunications standards.'s AMSS.	198 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	SSBSingle-sideband modulation	AMAmplitude Modulation, PSKPhase-Shift Keying	85 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).	United Kingdom
UK GOV MIL WINDRM51	UK GOV/MIL "WinDRM51" variant. Unknown purpose, But link between UK & Cyprus has been found some years ago.	9.104 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 13.451 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables)	OFDMOrthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	2.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Europe
UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) Time Standard	UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) time standard transmission from NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) stations WWV in Fort Collins, Colorado USA and WWVH in Kauai, Hawaii.	2.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 25 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	AMAmplitude Modulation		4 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
Ultra Low Latency (ULL) Electronic Trading Network	A 48k or 24k baudBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. OQPSK signal that is strongly suspected (through numerous circumstancial pieces of evidence) to be either an experimental or active P2P RFRadio Frequency link between financial market data centers, used for High Frequency Trading (HFT) and other latency-sensitive market activities.	6 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 20 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	OQPSK	30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 60 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States

List of Known Signals in Database

'

• 'Ghadir' OTH Radar
• 'OTH-SW' OTH Radar
• 'Vario' Airplane Data Controller

1

• 1G Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS)

2

• 2006 Kia Grand Carnival Keyfob
• 29B6 'Kontayner' OTH Radar
• 2G CDMA (IS-95)

3

• 3G WCDMA

4

• 49MHz RC Car Controller
• 4G LTE Network

5

• 5G "New Radio" cellular network - Downlink

7

• 77Ya6 'Voronezh' radar

8

• 802.11n
• 8PSK

A

• AC Interference
• AFSK Paging Link
• AIST 2D
• AKKORD-SS-PD
• ALE-400
• AMSAT-P3D
• ARGOS A-DCS
• ARQ-E(E3)
• ARQ-M2-242
• ARQ-M2-342
• ARQ-M4-242
• ARQ-M4-342
• ARQ-N
• ARQ6-90
• ARQ6-98
• ASCII
• ATSC 3.0 Broadcast
• ATSC Broadcast
• AUTOSPEC
• Accurate positioning by Low Frequencies (ALF)
• Acer X222W monitor, sleep pulse
• Adam H Image Capable Digital Mode (AHICDM)
• Adam H Secure Communication (AHSC)
• Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS)
• Alps Electric Co. TWB1U840 Key Fob
• Amplitude Modulation (AM)
• Amplitude Modulation Signalling System (AMSS)
• Aprizesat
• Aqua Direct Broadcast (DB)
• Autocab
• Automated Train Control System (ATCS)
• Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B)
• Automatic Identification System (AIS)
• Automatic Link Establishment (2G ALE)
• Automatic Link Establishment (3G ALE ARCS)
• Automatic Link Set-up (ALIS)
• Automatic Packet Reporting System (APRS)
• Automatic Picture Transmission (APT)
• Automatic Transmitter Identification System (ATIS)
• Automatic Vehicle Monitoring (AVM)

B

• B-Netz
• BALDR Weather Sensor Telemetry
• BMW Key-Code signal
• BPC
• BPM
• BR-6028
• Baofeng GMSK
• Beta
• Binary Interchange of Information and Signaling (BIIS)
• BlueWalker-3 Wideband Telemetry
• Bluetooth
• Broadband Global Area Network (BGAN)

C

• CAS-4A/B Satellite Telemetry
• CBET
• CCIR 493-4 Selcall
• CCIR Selcall
• CCITT
• CDMA2000 (3G physical layer)
• CDMA420
• CHIP
• CHU
• CIS 3x100 VFT
• CIS 3x144 VFT
• CIS 3xBaudot-50 VFT
• CIS FTM-4
• CIS MFSK-16 XPA2
• CIS MFSK-16 XPB
• CIS MFSK-20 XPA
• CIS MFSK-21-13
• CIS MFSK-68

C cont.

• CIS OFDM HDR Modem
• CIS-11
• CIS-112
• CIS-12
• CIS-128
• CIS-1280
• CIS-14
• CIS-16
• CIS-20
• CIS-300
• CIS-3000
• CIS-36-50
• CIS-40.5
• CIS-48
• CIS-50-50
• CIS-8181
• CLOUDSAT Downlink
• CLOVER 2000
• CLOVER 2500
• CLOVER-I
• CLOVER-II
• CODAR
• COFDMTV
• CORIOLIS Tactical Direct Broadcast
• CRY2001 Voice Scrambler
• CV-786
• California Smart-Meter
• Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar (CMOR)
• Chilean Naval Time Signal
• China digital radio (CDR)
• Chinese 'Foghorn' OTH radar
• Chinese 30-tone OFDM modem
• Chinese 4+4
• Chinese Firedrake Jammer
• Chinese Multitonal Jammer
• Cobra Dane
• Codan Data Modem
• Coherent BPSK
• Coherent CW
• CompuLert
• Contestia
• Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System (CTCSS)
• Contrôle de vitesse par balises (KVB)
• Coquelet
• Cuban Jammer

D

• D-STAR
• DB0UPB research beacon
• DCF77
• DFM-09
• DUP-ARQ
• DUP-ARQ-2
• DUP-FEC-2
• Datawell Buoy HF Link
• Delfi-C3 Telemetry
• DeltaFix
• Denso 4EA Key Fob
• Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS)
• Digisonde
• Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB)
• Digital Audio Broadcasting Plus (DAB+)
• Digital Dispatch Systems MDT
• Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT)
• Digital Mobile Radio (DMR)
• Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB)
• Digital NBTV
• Digital Private Mobile Radio (dPMR)
• Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM)
• Digital Radio Mondiale Plus (DRM+)
• Digital Video Broadcasting — Terrestrial (DVB-T)
• Digital-Coded Squelch (DCS)
• DisplayPort Interference
• Distress Radiobeacon (Analog)
• Distress Radiobeacon (Digital)
• Distributed Power Unit (DPU)
• DoD Fire Alarm Control Panel
• DominoEX
• DominoF
• Driftnet Buoy Radio Beacon
• Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF)
• Duga 3

E

• ECG Telemetry
• EEA
• EFR Teleswitch
• EIA

E cont.

• ELEKTRO-L GGAK-E Direct Broadcast
• EURO
• Electric Fence Remote Control
• Emergency Alert System (EAS)
• Emergency Managers Weather Information Network (EMWIN) - Repeater
• End of Train Device (EOTD)
• Enhanced Digital Access Communications System (EDACS)
• Eurobalise downlink
• European Radio Message System (ERMES)

F

• FEC-A
• FLASH-OFDM
• FLEX
• FM Broadcast Radio
• FM NBTV
• FSK441
• FSQ
• FST4W
• FT4
• FT8
• FUNcube-1 Telemetry
• Factory installed alarm system Land Rover Discovery 4
• Federal Signal Modem-MSK
• FreeDV COHPSK
• FreeDV plus Video
• Frequency Division Multiplex Digital Voice (FDMDV)
• Friedland Libra+ 48249SL wireless doorbell
• Futuba RC Controller

G

• G-TOR
• GM2100 (R&S)
• GMDSS Digital Selective Calling
• GOES CDA Telemetry
• GOES Data Collection System (DCS)
• GOES High Rate Information Transmission (HRIT)
• GOES Rebroadcast (GRB)
• GRAVES
• GRAW DFM-09 Weather Balloon (Radiosonde)
• GSM TCH traffic channels non frequency hopping
• GYN2 GBR
• Gandalf MDT
• Glenayre Paging Link
• Global Positioning System (GPS)
• Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
• Globe Wireless HF Network
• Golay Paging (GSC)
• Gonets
• Graw DFM-06 Weather Balloon (Radiosonde)
• Graw DFM-17 (Radiosonde)
• Grimeton Radio (SAQ)
• Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS)

H

• HC-265 Voice Scrambler
• HC-ARQ
• HD Radio (AM)
• HD Radio (FM)
• HDMI RFI Clock
• HFGCS (High Frequency Global Communications System)
• HNG-FEC
• HORYU-4 Telemetry
• HP Laptop
• Hellschreiber
• High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP)
• High Frequency Data Link (HFDL)
• High Frequency Data and Voice Link (HFDVL)
• High Power Auroral Stimulation (HIPAS)
• High Resolution Data (HRD)
• High Speed USB Noise
• Horus Binary 4FSK - v2
• HyperFix
• Hyundai Mobis RKE-4F16 Key Fob

I

• ICAO Selcal
• ICARUS (International Cooperation for Animal Research Using Space)
• ICV
• ILS Marker Beacon
• IMet-1 RS Radiosonde
• IRA-ARQ
• IS-54 D-AMPS
• ISCAT
• ISM Band Weather sensor
• ISM Band device
• Improved Automatic Link Set-up (ALIS-2)
• Induction cooker interference
• Inmarsat Aero
• Inmarsat IsatM2M
• Inmarsat-C TDM
• Inmarsat-D(D+) Downlink

I cont.

• Instrument Landing System
• Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN)
• Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting—Terrestrial (ISDB-T)
• Interferance signal from old computer screen
• Ionized Meteor Trails
• Ionosonde
• Iranian Navy QPSK Modem
• Iridium
• IsatData Pro
• Israeli Intelligence VFT
• Israeli Navy Hybrid Modem (188-110 MOD)
• Israeli VFT

J

• JJY
• JS8
• JT4
• JT65
• JT6M
• JT9
• JTMS
• Japan Military 8-Channel FSK
• Japanese Slot Machine (XSL)
• Jim Creek (NLK)
• Jindalee Operational Radar Network (JORN)
• John Deere RTK Radio 450

K

• KG-STV
• Kia SVI-JFRGE04 Key Fob
• Kiwi

L

• LEOSAR Downlink
• LORAN
• LTE Uplink
• LTE-M
• Lentus
• Lightning Sferics
• Link-11
• Link-11 (UHF)
• LoJack
• LoRa
• Lockheed Martin LMS-6 (Radiosonde)
• Logic Trunked Radio (LTR)
• Logitech(R) Wireless Mouse+Keyboard Signal
• Low Rate Picture Transmission (LRPT)

M

• M17 RF Protocol
• M20 Radiosonde
• MD-522
• MD-674
• MDC-4800
• MDC1200
• METEOR-M High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT)
• METOP Advanced High Resolution Picture Transmission (AHRPT)
• MFJ-269C Antenna SWR Analyzer
• MIL-STD-110-342
• MIL-STD-188-110 Appendix A 16-Tone
• MIL-STD-188-110 Appendix B 39-Tone
• MIL-STD-188-110 Serial
• MMP-4800
• MOBITEX
• MODAT
• MONITOR-2(RS39S)
• MPT 1327
• MPT1394 Keyfob
• MRZ-3MK Weather Balloon (radiosonde)
• MRZ-N1 Weather Balloon (radiosonde)
• MSF
• MSK144
• MSM-1250 Modem
• MT63
• Marconi Selenia 25-Tone Modem
• Mazda SKE126-01 Key Fob
• Mazielka (X06)
• Meteomodem M10 Weather Balloon (Radiosonde)
• Meteomodem PilotSonde Weather Balloon
• Meteosat WEFAX
• Microsonde Mark II Weather Balloon - LORAN-C signal (Radiosonde)
• Milstar
• Modernised High Frequency Communications System (MHFCS)
• Morse Code (CW)
• Motorola ASTRO 25 HPD Air Interface
• Motorola MOSCAD SCADA telemetry
• Motorola SECURENET
• Motorola Type II
• Multi Frequency Shift Keying (MFSK)
• Multitone Paging

N

• NATEL
• NB-IOT

N cont.

• NFM Voice
• NML
• NOAA Direct Sounder Broadcast (DSB)
• NOAA ITOS High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT)
• NOAA POES High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT)
• NOV
• NPM
• NTSC Broadcast
• NWC
• Narrow-Bandwidth Television (NBTV)
• National Public Alerting System (NPAS)
• Near Field Communication (NFC)
• Near Instantaneous Companded Audio Multiplex (NICAM)
• Next Generation Digital Narrowband (NXDN)
• Nissan Car Key
• Nokia Adaptive Message Terminal
• Non-Directional Beacon (NDB)
• Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT)
• North Korean Diplo FSK
• North Korean Diplo PSK
• North Korean Siren Jammer
• North Korean noise jammer

O

• OFDM NBTV
• OOK RC Car Remote Control
• OPERA Beacon and Data
• Olivia
• One Beep, Two Beeps
• OpenSky
• OrbComm Mobile Telephony
• Orbcomm

P

• PACKET
• PACTOR I
• PACTOR II
• PACTOR III
• PACTOR IV
• PAL Broadcast
• PAX
• PI4
• PLUTO II OTH Radar
• POCSAG
• POL-ARQ
• PRC-16
• PROBA 1/2 Downlink
• PSK Paging link
• PSK-AM
• PSK2K
• Pager SSTV
• Panther-H Modem
• Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
• Piccolo
• Polish Intelligence 100bd 625Hz FSK
• Portable Traffic Lights
• Positive Train Control (PTC)
• Powerline Over Ethernet
• Primary Aeronautical Surveillance Radar
• Primex Wireless Time Sync
• ProVoice
• Project 25 (P25)
• Pulse Coded Modulated (PCM) RC Toy
• Pursuit Wireless Car Key

Q

• Q-MAC HF Modem
• Q15X25
• QO-100-modem
• Quadcopter Telemetry Signal

R

• RAC-ARQ
• RBU
• RDL
• RF heating and welding interference
• RFID
• ROS
• RS80
• RTTYM
• RUM-FEC
• RUM-MOI FEC
• RWM
• Radar altimeter
• Radio Data Link Access Procedure (RD-LAP)
• Radio Data System (RDS)
• Radio Telephone Network C (C-Netz)
• Radio Teletype (RTTY)
• Radioteknicheskaya Systema Dalney Navigatsii (RSDN-20)
• Rain Master sprinkler control
• ReFLEX
• Redundant Digital File Transfer (RDFT)

R cont.

• Relocatable Over-the-Horizon Radar (ROTHR)
• Robust PACKET
• Russian Diplo VFT PSK 64Bd
• Russian Intelligence 200bd 1000Hz FSK
• Russian MFSK-OFDM-chirp hybrid modem
• Russian OTH 'Ghadir' type
• Russian overhead power line telemetry system

S

• S-Band Jammer
• SAS/SRC
• SAS2
• SAS3
• SHR
• SI-ARQ
• SI-FEC
• SIGFOX
• SITOR-A
• SITOR-B
• SNOTEL (Snow Telemetry)
• SNOTEL (Snow Telemetry)
• SP-14 (XP)
• SPREAD
• SSTV
• STANAG 4197
• STANAG 4285
• STANAG 4415
• STANAG 4481
• STANAG 4529
• STANAG 4539
• STANAG 5065
• STP403 Bus PIT System
• SWED-ARQ
• Saab Grintek MHF-50 MFSK Modem
• Schneider Trio E-Series Modem
• Secondary surveillance radar (SSR)
• Sensus Water meter (Acquisition units)
• Serdolik
• Siemens 1.5T MRI Scanner
• Siemens CHX-200 FSK Modem
• Single Sideband Voice
• Single frequency russian overhead power line telemetry system
• SiriusXM Satellite Radio
• SkyOFDM
• Slow-Scan Television (SSTV)
• Smart TV Interference
• Snap Circuits SCROV-10 Remote Control
• Sonne
• Soyuz-MS spacecraft telemetry
• Spectrum Painting
• SuperDARN (Super Dual Auroral Radar Network)
• Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA)
• Switch-mode power supply interference

T

• T-230-1A 'Mahovik'
• TDF
• THOR
• THROB
• TT2300
• TWINPLEX
• Tactical Air Navigation System (TACAN)
• Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA)
• Tetrapol
• Thales SALAMANDRE (HFXL)
• Thales Système 3000 HF Modem
• Thales Système 3000 Skyhopper
• Thales Système 3000 Voice Scrambler
• The 'Air Horn'
• The Alarm
• The Buzzer (ZhUOZ MDZhB UZB76)
• The Goose
• The Pip
• Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)
• Total Access Communication System (TACS)
• Toyota Car Key
• Traffic Light Control R09
• Transit 5B-5

U

• UHF Vehicle Location System
• UIC 751-3
• UK AM Data System (UK-AMDS)
• UK GOV MIL WINDRM51
• UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) Time Standard
• Ultra Low Latency (ULL) Electronic Trading Network


• … further results