STANAG 4481
 | |
|---|---|
| Frequencies | 2.815 MHz,3.046 MHz,11.213 MHz,18.016 MHz,8.986 MHz |
| Frequency Range | 2.815 MHz - 18.016 MHz |
| Mode | USB |
| Modulation | FSK,PSK |
| ACF | — |
| Emission Designator | — |
| Bandwidth | 1.5 kHz,2.75 kHz |
| Location | Worldwide |
| Short Description | STANAG 4481, also known as CRATT, Link-4, and NATO-75, is specified by the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Military Agency for Standardization as a "Minimum technical equipment standards for naval HF shore-to-ship broadcast system" |
| I/Q Raw Recording | — |
| Audio Sample | |
STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 4481, also known as CRATT, Link-4, and NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization-75, is specified by the NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Military Agency for Standardization as a "Minimum technical equipment standards for naval HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) shore-to-ship broadcast system"
Modes[edit]
4481 FSKFrequency-Shift Keying: Synchronous FSKFrequency-Shift Keying mode, which uses KG-84 encryption for communication. It is commonly found in the HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) band. A number of communication parameter settings are possible, but 75 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. and a shift of 850 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). are widely used. BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. rates include 75, 100, 150, 300, and 600 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second..
4481 PSKPhase-Shift Keying: This utilizes binary phase shift keying (BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol)) of a single tone 1800 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). sub-carrier with a constant modulation speed of 2400 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second.. Through the use of BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) modulation and a FECForward Error Correction coding rate of 1/4, the effective user data rate is 300 bpsBits per second (bps). Take note that this mode looks and sounds almost identical to STANAG 4285, since both have a 3000 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). Bandwidth with 2400 BdBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. symbol rate.
Samples[edit]
FSKFrequency-Shift Keying[edit]
Sample 1:
Sample 2:
PSKPhase-Shift Keying[edit]
| STANAGNATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG), defines processes, procedures, terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or equipment between the member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 4481 PSKPhase-Shift Keying |
|---|
 |
Decoding Software[edit]
- Hobby Level Software
- Professional Equipment/Software
Video Examples[edit]
- Step-by-step analysis and decoding of a STANAG 4481 FSK signal
- Decoding STANAG 4481 FSK
- 8986 KHz Stanag 4481
- Sunsdr2 - Stanag 4481FSK - KG84c - Krypto 500
- Stanag 4418 FSK on 2815 Mhz with Krypto 500
Additional Links[edit]
- STANAG 4481: Minimum Technical Equipment Standards for Naval HF Shore-to-Ship Broadcast Systems
- I-56578 STANAG-4481
- shoc Database: STANAG 4481
- WAVECOM Database: STANAG 4481 FSK
- WAVECOM Database: STANAG 4481 PSK
- STANAG-4481 PSK Variant by Leif Dehio
- NATO HF Frequencies using STANAG 4481
Additional Images[edit]
|
|
