Phase Shift Keying (PSK)

Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Frequencies	7.035 MHz,7.04 MHz,10.142 MHz,14.07 MHz,21.08 MHz,50.29 MHz,144.144 MHz,222.07 MHz,432.2 MHz,909 MHz,1.838 MHz,3.58 MHz,18.1 MHz,24.92 MHz,28.12 MHz
Frequency Range	1.838 MHz - 909 MHz
Mode	USB
Modulation	PSK
ACF	—
Emission Designator	—
Bandwidth	63 Hz,125 Hz,250 Hz,500 Hz,1000 Hz,31 Hz,10 Hz
Location	Worldwide
Short Description	PSK is a digital teletype mode based on Phase-Shift Keying (PSK) modulation. The most popular amateur radio PSK mode is PSK 31.
I/Q Raw Recording	—
Audio Sample

PSKPhase-Shift Keying is a digital amateur radio mode based on Phase-Shift Keying (PSKPhase-Shift Keying) modulation. Most commonly used in HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz), rarely seen at higher frequencies.

Modes and Samples[edit]

There are many different PSKPhase-Shift Keying modes. These modes are ones found available with the fldigi software. The most popular and commonly used mode is PSKPhase-Shift Keying 31 (developed by Peter G3PLX). Its narrow bandwidth and typing-speed baudBaud (unit symbol Bd) is the unit for symbol rate or modulation rate in symbols per second. rate make it popular for Ham Operators to use for keyboard to keyboard communications within the amateur bands.

PSKPhase-Shift Keying 63 (developed by Moe Wheatley (AE4JY) and Howard Teller (KH6TY)) is twice as fast as PSKPhase-Shift Keying 31, and occupies 160 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). of bandwidth. These can occasionally be seen. PSKPhase-Shift Keying 63 FECForward Error Correction (developed by Nino Porcino IZ8BLY) is a variant of PSKPhase-Shift Keying 63 that uses convolutional encoding to provide forward error correction. It is more suitable in more noisy environments where the other PSKPhase-Shift Keying modes would have large error rates.

The other modes (PSKPhase-Shift Keying 125, 250, 500, 1000) are used for sending large text files or binary files. These have a far higher transfer rate. Due to the high rate of transfer, typically ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query (Automatic Repeat Request) is also applied when sending files via these modes to ensure that the recipient gets 100% of the file. When sending binary files, one missed bit can make a file completely worthless, so it's important that the recipient has a complete copy without any loss. PSKMail is a good example of using ARQAutomatic Repeat reQuestAutomatic Repeat Query and PSKPhase-Shift Keying to send files.

Within PSKPhase-Shift Keying, there are 2 primary modulation modes: Binary PSKPhase-Shift Keying (Also known as 2-PSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol)) and Quadrature PSKPhase-Shift Keying (Also known as 4-PSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol)). Binary PSKPhase-Shift Keying uses only 2 phase constellations to send characters, whereas Quadrature PSKPhase-Shift Keying uses 4 phase constellations.


Binary PSKPhase-Shift Keying	Quadrature PSKPhase-Shift Keying
BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) 31	QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) 31
BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) 63	QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) 63
BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) 125	QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) 125
BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) 250	QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) 250
BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) 500	QPSKQuadrature Phase-Shift Keying (2 bits per symbol) 500

Other variants[edit]


BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) 10	BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) 31 FECForward Error Correction
BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) 1000	BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) 125 FECForward Error Correction
BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) 63 FECForward Error Correction	BPSKBinary Phase-Shift Keying (1 bit per symbol) 220 FECForward Error Correction