Podsolnukh 'Sunflower' Radar
| Radars | |
|---|---|
| Military: 🇮🇷 🇷🇺 'Ghadir' OTH Radar (Iran/Russia "Rezonans") - 🇷🇺 29B6 'Kontayner' OTH Radar (Russia) - 🇷🇺 Podsolnukh 'Sunflower' Radar (Russia) - 🇨🇳 Chinese 'Foghorn' OTH radar (China) - 🇨🇳 'OTH-SW' OTH Radar (China) 🇦🇺 Jindalee Operational Radar Network (JORN) (Australia) - 🇨🇾 🇬🇧 PLUTO II OTH Radar (Cyprus/UK Base) - 🇺🇸 Relocatable Over-the-Horizon Radar (ROTHR) (US) Civil: 🌎 🌊 CODAR (Worldwide) - 🇺🇸 High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) (Alaska, US) *VHF |
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|---|---|
| Frequencies | 8 MHz,3.5 MHz |
| Frequency Range | 3.5 MHz - 8 MHz |
| Mode | IQ |
| Modulation | FMOP |
| ACF | — |
| Emission Designator | — |
| Bandwidth | 50 kHz |
| Location | Russia, Worldwide |
| Short Description | A Russian over the horizon radar, also known as "Sunflower" |
| I/Q Raw Recording | — |
| Audio Sample | |
The name "Podsolnukh" (Russian for "Sunflower") is widely used in amateur monitoring and open-source communities, likely inspired by the large, multi-element antenna array that resembles a sunflower.
Podsolnukh is an HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) over-the-horizon (OTHOver The Horizon (very long range)) radar system reportedly employed by Russian forces for long-range maritime and air surveillance. The radar transmits frequency-agile FMCW-like signals with an estimated bandwidth of 50 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz in 4 minute long bursts. Transmission often occurs on multiple nearby frequencies.
Observed sweep rates include approximately 20, 30, 43, & 87 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz)., with 43 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). being the most common. Unlike some other OTHOver The Horizon (very long range) radars, Podsolnukh does not appear to transmit a pre-burst tone. Some sources describe the radar as using pulsed modulation, but this seems to be a misinterpretation of the frequency-agile burst structure, unless there exists a variant that transmits in true pulses.
The Russian made Подсолнух-Э (Sunflower-E, export version) HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) over-the-horizon surface wave radar (OTHOver The Horizon (very long range)-SW) is produced in part by the Scientific Research Institute for Long-Distance Communications NIIDAR (Научно-исследовательский институт дальней радиосвязи НИИДАР) and RTI Systems (РТИ Системы). The system is a bi-static HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) surface wave radar developed to detect sea surface and air targets within a range of 15 to 450 kilometers and with a 120 degrees target area.
Samples[edit]
The following examples contain narrow USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) (5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz), wide USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables) (10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz) and IQQuadrature signals form the basis of complex RF signal modulation and demodulation, both in hardware and in software, as well as in complex signal analysis. samples. The showcase sample is 43 sweeps/sec, narrow USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables).
| 43 sweeps/sec |
|---|
| Narrow USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables): Wide USBUpper Side Band Modulation (Radio, referring to reception and modulation mode)Universal Serial Bus (Computer, referring to USB Ports and cables):  |
Frequencies[edit]
It can change its frequency according to propagation conditions. Ranges from 3.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz to 8 Mhz.
- 3.570 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz
- 5.270 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz
- 6.800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz
- 6.850 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz
- 6.960 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz
- 7.640 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz
Video Examples[edit]
- Chinese Over-the-Horizon RADAR Sunflower-E 29.41Hz PRF
- Chinese Over-the-Horizon RADAR Sunflower-E 32.25Hz PRF
- Triple Chinese Over-the-Horizon RADAR Sunflower-E 43Hz PRF Takes Out 60M Band
- Dual Interlaced Chinese Over-the-Horizon RADAR Sunflower-E 43Hz PRF
Additional Links[edit]
Additional Images[edit]
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