Land-Mobile Radio

Land-mobile radio covers one-to-many communications with mobile or portable users, possibly through a mobile relay or trunking system. Such systems are almost always found on VHFVery High Frequency (30-300 MHz) and UHFUltra High Frequency (300-3000 MHz), although a handful of HFHigh Frequency (3-30 MHz) systems are in use for long-haul mobile communications. Compare to fixed links, where all stations are immobile.

Click the name of a signal to see more detailed information, possible decoding, and additional sound and waterfall samples

Signal Name	Description	Frequency	Mode	Modulation	Bandwidth	Location	Sample Audio	Waterfall image
Autocab	This is an example of the Autocab Media Data Terminals used by cab companies all over the world.	163.375 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United Kingdom
Automatic Identification System (AIS)	Automatic Identification System (AIS) is used by ships to broadcast position and vessel information.	161.975 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 162.025 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying	25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System (CTCSS)	CTCSS, also known as Private Line and Channel Guard, is a low continuous tone transmitted on NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation voice transmissions that is used to squelch and manage transmissions on a given frequency.	30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	CWContinuous Wave	5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
D-STAR	D-STAR is a digital voice protocol used by ham radio. Is sometimes routed over the internet for international communications.	145.67 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying	6.25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Digital Mobile Radio (DMR)	Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) is an open digital mobile radio standard defined by ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute. An independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry in Europe, developing global telecommunications standards. and used in commercial products around the world. Mostly used by private network and local police, can be encrypted. Used in MOTOTRBO products.	66 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 860 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Digital Private Mobile Radio (dPMR)	dPMR is an open, non-proprietary trunked radio standard developed by ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute. An independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry in Europe, developing global telecommunications standards., published under ETSIEuropean Telecommunications Standards Institute. An independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry in Europe, developing global telecommunications standards. TS 102 658. Supports both data and digital voice transmission.	149.019 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 446.2 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying	6.25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Enhanced Digital Access Communications System (EDACS)	EDACS is a trunked radio system developed by General Electric and Ericsson. EDACS was invented by General Electric in the mid-80s and is currently owned by Harris Corporation. Harris has announced that EDACS systems will no longer be supported by 2017.	160 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 941 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying	6.25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Gandalf MDT	Gandalf MDTMobile Data Terminal, A mobile data terminal (MDT) is a computerized device used in public transit vehicles, taxicabs, commercial trucking fleets, military logistics, and emergency vehicles, such as police cars, to communicate with a central dispatch office. was developed by Gandalf Mobile Systems, a subsidiary of Canadian company Gandalf Technologies. Used primarily by taxi and courier services in Canada and the United States. This protocol was used in Gandalf's Cabmate systems.	150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 450 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN)	iDEN is a TDMATime Division Multiple Access-based digital wireless standard developed by Motorola. It is a type of trunked radio with cellular phone benefits.	806 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 869 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation, TDMATime Division Multiple Access	18.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
LoJack	LoJack is a vehicle tracking system that allows vehicles to be tracked by police, with the aim of recovering them in case of theft via a small radio transceiver clandestinely installed in a vehicle.	173.075 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FFSKFast Frequency-Shift Keying	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Logic Trunked Radio (LTR)	Logic Trunked Radio, is an analog trunked radio format developed by EF Johnson Company.	150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 470 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz
MDC-4800	Motorola's MDC-4800 is a data protocol that was used in ARDIS and DataTAC Networks as well as in MDTMobile Data Terminal, A mobile data terminal (MDT) is a computerized device used in public transit vehicles, taxicabs, commercial trucking fleets, military logistics, and emergency vehicles, such as police cars, to communicate with a central dispatch office. networks. RD-LAP was derived from this mode. Also known as Motorola Mobile Data Communications System (MODACOM)	150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 850 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
MPT 1327	MPT1327 (Ministry of Posts and Telegraph 1327) is a signaling protocol standard for analog trunked radio	162.5 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FFSKFast Frequency-Shift Keying, FMFrequency Modulation	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Motorola ASTRO 25 HPD Air Interface	Motorola's ASTRO 25 High Performance Data Air Interface allows Motorola ASTRO 25 HPD modems to transfer data at up to 96 kbpsKilobits per second (kbps) over a 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz channel in the 700 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz or 800 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz bands.	769 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 869 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	QAMQuadrature Amplitude Modulation	17.7 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
Motorola SECURENET	Motorola SECURENET ("analog" encryption) was a secure voice option for conventional and Motorola Type II trunked systems, encoding the voice using 12kbps CVSD and encrypting the bitstream. It is easily identified by the 6 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz tone at the end of transmission. As it is not 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz FCC narrowbanding mandate compliant, it does not see much use anymore.	137 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 941 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	16 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Motorola Type II	Radio trunking control channel.	136 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 941 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FSKFrequency-Shift Keying	16 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
NFM Voice	Used in analog walkie-talkies and communication systems.	27 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 864 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FMFrequency Modulation	5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 30 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Next Generation Digital Narrowband (NXDN)	NXDN is a digital narrowband trunked radio protocol used in commercial, business & industry, transport and Public Safety professional radio systems.	136 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 520 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	C4FMContinuous 4-Level Frequency Modulation	6.25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
OpenSky	OpenSky is an encrypted TDMATime Division Multiple Access protocol that is heavily used but is being phased out by the Pennsylvania State Police. No one other than the intended user has been able to decrypt the signal.	700 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 1,000 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	TDMATime Division Multiple Access	20.07 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
ProVoice	ProVoice is a digital voice mode used in EDACS trunked systems.	160 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 941 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	GFSKGaussian Frequency-Shift Keying		Worldwide
Project 25 (P25)	Project 25 (P25 or APCO-25) is a trunked radio standard developed by The Association of Public Safety Communications Officials International (APCO-25) for use with public safety organizations around the world.	136 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 859 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying, C4FMContinuous 4-Level Frequency Modulation, TDMATime Division Multiple Access	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Radio Data Link Access Procedure (RD-LAP)	Motorola's Radio Data Link Access Procedure (RD-LAP) is a 1G protocol that was used in ARDIS and DataTAC Networks, and is still used in some MDTMobile Data Terminal, A mobile data terminal (MDT) is a computerized device used in public transit vehicles, taxicabs, commercial trucking fleets, military logistics, and emergency vehicles, such as police cars, to communicate with a central dispatch office.'s, as well as gas companies, police departments, fire departments, financial companies, etc.	150 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 850 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying	12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
ReFLEX	ReFLEX is a two-way paging variant of FLEX.	896 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 941 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	FFSKFast Frequency-Shift Keying	40 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA)	TETRA is a professional mobile radio and two-way transceiver (walkie-talkie) specification	380 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 430 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Tetrapol	Tetrapol is a digital professional mobile radio standard for digital voice and data communication used by public safety and military throughout Europe. Tetrapol was originally developed by Matra Communication (Currently part of EADS/Airbus Group) in France in the 1980's.	370 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	GMSKGaussian Minimum-Shift Keying	10 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz — 12.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Europe
UHF Vehicle Location System	LTR Passport is a type of control channel (unlike the standalone LTR that doesnt have one) which consists of multiple radio repeater sites linked together to form a wide-area radio dispatch network.	400 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). — 900 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	NFMNarrowband Frequency Modulation	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	5.5 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	United States
VHF Data Link - Mode 2 (VDL-M2)	VDL-M2 (Known as VDL2 or VDLM2) is a means of sending information between aircraft and ground stations. VDL Mode 2 is the only VDL mode being implemented operationally to support Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC). An extension to the AVLC protocol permits ACARS over AVLC (AOA) transmissions. VDL-M2 is implemented by Eurocontrol.	117.975 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 137 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	RAW	PSKPhase-Shift Keying	25 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide
Yaesu System Fusion	System Fusion is Yaesu's digital voice/data protocol for amateur radio, using the AMBE+2 vocoder on a C4FMContinuous 4-Level Frequency Modulation signal.	144 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz — 450 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz	FMFrequency Modulation	4FSK4-Level Frequency Shift Keying	16 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz	Worldwide