'Ghadir' OTH Radar
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|---|---|
| Frequencies | 28 MHz,29.7 MHz |
| Frequency Range | 28 MHz - 29.7 MHz |
| Mode | AM |
| Modulation | Pulse |
| ACF | — |
| Emission Designator | — |
| Bandwidth | 60 kHz,1000 kHz |
| Location | Iran |
| Short Description | 'Ghadir', is an Iranian over the horizon radar, part of Iran's Sepehr Phased Radar System. |
| I/Q Raw Recording | — |
| Audio Sample | |
Ghadir is an Iranian over the horizon radar. Ghadir is a 360°, 3D-radar, with a ceiling of 300 km, and a maximum range of 1100 km. You can hear a high and a low tone, corresponding to the sweep rates of 870 and 307 sweeps/sec. sent in two separated bursts.
Unlike many other OTHR's, Ghadir doesn't use FMCW modulation. Instead, it uses a shaped pulsed system which makes the edges of the signal hard to define. Because of this, the bandwidth of this signal can vary greatly, ranging from around 60 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz to splattering over 1 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz, depending on the power of the received signal for the user. Typical observed bandwidth is about 60 kHzKiloHertz (kHz) 10^3 Hz. Pulses are modulated with upwards FMFrequency Modulation sweep (FMOP).
As of 2023 or even earlier, Ghadir has often been seen using lower pulse frequencies of 150 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). and 314 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).. The higher frequencies (307 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). / 870 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).) are still used. Quite rarely, Ghadir or a related radar has been spotted using a constant pulse frequency on the 10m ham band and on the low VHFVery High Frequency (30-300 MHz) band above 30 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz.
Similar radar signal has been reported in Russia, but it has not been confirmed if it actually originated from there. The names "Ghadir" and "Sepehr" are somewhat unclear as not much public information is available. According to GlobalSecurity.org [1][2], Sepehr is a larger system with longer range, and both systems are based on the Russian Rezonans-N/NE radar. The same system has been exported to Algeria[3] which increases the number of possible sources of this kind of signal.
Samples[edit]
Sample 1:
Sample 2:
Sample 3:
Sample 3 (external)
Sample 4, lower pulse frequencies (150 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz). / 314 HzHertz (Hz), unit of frequency, defined as one cycle per second (1 Hz).):
Frequencies[edit]
Ghadir is often found on the 10 m ham band. Commonly used frequencies include 28.245 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz, 29.350 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz and 29.400 MHzMegaHertz (MHz) 10^6 Hz. It has also been seen operating below and above the 10m band, sometimes even on the CB band.
Video Examples[edit]
- Iranian Over The Horizon Radar on 10 meters
- OTH-Radar from IRAN (?) on 27MHz (Over The Horizon) part 2
- Radar, OTH, possibly Iranian, 28250 kHz, FMCW, February 23, 2013, 1452 UTC
- Over-the-horizon radar (OTH) Qth: Iran
Additional Links[edit]
- IARUMS Radar info 2013
- Google Maps radar location
- Google Maps radar 2 location
- I-56578 Ghadir OTH Radar
- Wikipedia Sepehr Radar
Additional Images[edit]
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